RoadsideThoughts
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Home >> State of Utah >> Salt Lake County >> Draper >> Genealogy HelperIndex...










Learn About
The Commemorative
Quarter for
Utah

The Commemorative Quarter for Utah





Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Draper (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Draper. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

A Few Details for Draper ...

While it's still very early in our research, we found that:

  • Draper was settled in 1849.
  • It was incorporated in 1978.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Draper is primarily located in Salt Lake County. A portion of Draper extends into Utah County.

To see how the shape of Utah's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Salt Lake County: Davis, Morgan, Summit, Tooele, Utah & Wasatch.

Below are the counties that are near Draper. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Draper:

  • Salt Lake County     (The home county of Draper)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.
    • Willow Fort ‑ Historic
      (Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Willow Fort. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willow Fort
      • Willow Fort is located in Salt Lake County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Willow Fort
      • From Draper to Willow Fort
    • Canyon Oak Village
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Canyon Oak Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canyon Oak Village
      • Canyon Oak Village is located in Salt Lake County
    • Transwest Village
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Transwest Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Transwest Village
      • Transwest Village is located in Salt Lake County
    • White City
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
    • Cobblestone Village
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Cobblestone Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cobblestone Village
      • Cobblestone Village is located in Salt Lake County
    • Summerhill Village
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Summerhill Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Summerhill Village
      • Summerhill Village is located in Salt Lake County
    • Sandy
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sandy have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sandy
      • Sandy is located in Salt Lake County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 94,871 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sandy <3>
    • Dimple Dell Village
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Dimple Dell Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dimple Dell Village
      • Dimple Dell Village is located in Salt Lake County
    • Sunset Meadows Village
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sunset Meadows Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunset Meadows Village
      • Sunset Meadows Village is located in Salt Lake County
    • Riverton
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
    • Alta Canyon Village
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Alta Canyon Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alta Canyon Village
      • Alta Canyon Village is located in Salt Lake County
    • Bluffdale
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Davis County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.
    • North Salt Lake
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for North Salt Lake have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Salt Lake
      • North Salt Lake is located in Davis County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 21,204 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for North Salt Lake <3>
    • Val Verda
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Val Verda. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Val Verda
      • Val Verda is located in Davis County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Val Verda
      • From Draper to Val Verda
    • Bountiful
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
    • Cottonwood Heights
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Cottonwood Heights have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cottonwood Heights
      • Cottonwood Heights is located in Davis County
    • Oakhaven Village
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Oakhaven Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakhaven Village
      • Oakhaven Village is located in Davis County
    • Woods Cross
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
    • Bountiful Fort ‑ Historic
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
    • West Bountiful
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for West Bountiful have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Bountiful
      • West Bountiful is located in Davis County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 5,920 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for West Bountiful <3>
    • Centerville
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
    • Center Village
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Center Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Center Village
      • Center Village is located in Davis County
    • Centerville Fort ‑ Historic
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
    • Benchmark Village
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Benchmark Village have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Benchmark Village
      • Benchmark Village is located in Davis County
  • Summit County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.
    • Altus ‑ Historic
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
    • Snyderville
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
    • Summit Park
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Summit Park have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Summit Park
      • Summit Park is located in Summit County
    • Park City
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
    • South Snyderville Basin
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Silver Creek Junction
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
    • North Snyderville Basin
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
    • Fort Sage Bottom ‑ Historic
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Fort Sage Bottom. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fort Sage Bottom
      • Fort Sage Bottom is located in Summit County
      • Fort Sage Bottom has also been known as:
      • Woodenshoe
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Fort Sage Bottom
      • From Draper to Fort Sage Bottom
    • Peoa
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Peoa have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peoa
      • Peoa is located in Summit County
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Peoa <3>
    • Rockport ‑ Historic
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Rockport. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rockport
      • Rockport is located in Summit County
      • Former names for Rockport:
      • Crandall
      • Enoch City
      • Rock Fort
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Rockport
      • From Draper to Rockport
  • Tooele County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.
    • Lincoln
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
    • Mercur ‑ Historic
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
    • Ophir
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
    • Tooele
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
    • Lake Point
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
    • Gisborn ‑ Historic
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Gisborn. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gisborn
      • Gisborn is located in Tooele County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Gisborn
      • From Draper to Gisborn
    • Jacob City ‑ Historic
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Jacob City. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jacob City
      • Jacob City is located in Tooele County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Jacob City
      • From Draper to Jacob City
    • Erda
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Erda have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Erda
      • Erda is located in Tooele County
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Erda <3>
    • Mills Junction
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
    • Stansbury park
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Stansbury park have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stansbury park
      • Stansbury park is located in Tooele County
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Stansbury park <3>
    • Sunshine ‑ Historic
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Sunshine. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunshine
      • Sunshine is located in Tooele County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Sunshine
      • From Draper to Sunshine
    • Batesville ‑ Historic
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
  • Utah County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.
    • Alpine
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Lehi
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lehi have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lehi
      • Lehi is located in Utah County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 73,383 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Lehi <3>
    • Highland
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Highland have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Highland
      • Highland is located in Utah County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 19,241 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Highland <3>
    • Cedar Hills
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Cedar Hills have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cedar Hills
      • Cedar Hills is located in Utah County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 9,985 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Cedar Hills <3>
    • American Fork
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
    • Silver Lake
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
    • Deer Creek ‑ Historic
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Deer Creek. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Deer Creek
      • Deer Creek is located in Utah County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Deer Creek
      • From Draper to Deer Creek
    • Saratoga Springs
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
    • Mutual Dell
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
    • Pleasant Grove
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
    • Forest City ‑ Historic
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Forest City. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Forest City
      • Forest City is located in Utah County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Forest City
      • From Draper to Forest City
    • Lindon
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lindon have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lindon
      • Lindon is located in Utah County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 11,462 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Lindon <3>
  • Wasatch County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.
    • Mound City
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
    • Interlaken
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
    • Midway
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Midway have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Midway
      • Midway is located in Wasatch County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 5,465 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Midway <3>
    • Charleston
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Charleston have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Charleston
      • Charleston is located in Wasatch County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 496 people
    • Jordanelle
      (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Jordanelle. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jordanelle
      • Jordanelle is located in Wasatch County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Jordanelle
      • From Draper to Jordanelle
    • Cranmer
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Cranmer. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cranmer
      • Cranmer is located in Wasatch County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Cranmer
      • From Draper to Cranmer
    • Daniel
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
    • Hailstone ‑ Historic
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Hailstone. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hailstone
      • Hailstone is located in Wasatch County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Hailstone
      • From Draper to Hailstone
    • Heber City
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
    • Keetley ‑ Historic
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Keetley. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Keetley
      • Keetley is located in Wasatch County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Keetley
      • From Draper to Keetley
    • Wallsburg
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
    • Hideout
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hideout have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hideout
      • Hideout is located in Wasatch County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,254 people

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Draper, see our County-by-County Page for Draper.

Cemeteries Near Draper ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Draper.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Draper covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>

The Rand McNally Atlas shows that Draper had a population of 221 people in 1895 with a post office and railroad service. In 2020, Draper had a population of 48,963 people.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Draper, with the one closest to Draper listed first.

  • Sandy
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sandy have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sandy
    • Sandy is located in Salt Lake County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 94,871 people
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sandy <3>
  • Jordan
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Jordan have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jordan
    • Jordan is located in Salt Lake County
  • Union
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Union have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Union
    • Union is located in Salt Lake County
  • Alpine
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
  • West Jordan
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
  • Lehi
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lehi have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lehi
    • Lehi is located in Utah County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 73,383 people
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Lehi <3>
  • Herriman
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
  • Taylorsville
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Taylorsville have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Taylorsville
    • Taylorsville is located in Salt Lake County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 59,402 people
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Taylorsville <3>
  • Cottonwood
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
  • Murray
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
  • American Fork
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
  • Millcreek
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Millcreek have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millcreek
    • Millcreek is located in Salt Lake County
  • Continue List   (14 more) ...
    • Granger
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Granger have been provided by the GNIS.<2> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Granger
      • Granger is located in Salt Lake County
    • Sugar House ‑ Historic
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Sugar House. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sugar House
      • Sugar House is located in Salt Lake County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Sugar House
      • From Draper to Sugar House
    • Pleasant Grove
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Draper. See our List of 1890's Communities around Draper.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These helpful websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Draper:

The official website for Draper: www.draper.ut.us/

The official website for Salt Lake County: www.slco.org/

The official website for State of Utah: https://www.utah.gov/

Footnotes ...

<1>An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace.
<2>The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required.
<3>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<4>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<5>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Draper, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.




 

Copyright 2025
All Rights Reserved

Thank you for visiting our website.

In closing, please keep in mind that we can not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of the information on this website, so use with care. We encourage you to double-check the information that is critical to you.

If you've found an error or have additional information that you would like to share, please don't hesitate to write: Click here to contact us.

This page was last modified/updated: 29 Apr 2025