Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Bear Spring (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Bear Spring. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Name Variations for Bear Spring ...
When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.
Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might occur.
For example, a typical abbreviation for Bear Spring: Bear Spg. (or less commonly used: Bear Spng. or Bear Sprng.)
You might be interested in other communities that are also named Bear Spring. More information can be found on our Tidbits & Trivia Page for Bear Spring.
If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Bear Spring is located in Giles County.
To see how the shape of Virginia's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Giles County: Bland, Craig, Montgomery, Pulaski, Mercer (WV), Monroe (WV) & Summers (WV).
Below are the counties that are near Bear Spring. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Bear Spring:
- Giles County (The home county of Bear Spring)
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Eggleston
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Goodwins Ferry
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
- Goodwins Ferry is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goodwins Ferry
- Pembroke
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Poplar Hill
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Poplar Hill is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Poplar Hill
- Pearisburg
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
- Newport
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Newport is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newport
- Thessalia
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
- Thessalia is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thessalia
- Mountain Lake
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
- Mountain Lake is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mountain Lake
- Bluff City
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
- Bluff City is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bluff City
- Narrows
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
- Shumate
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Shumate is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shumate
- Rich Creek
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Kire
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
- Kire is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kire
- Bland County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Mechanicsburg
(18 miles [29 km] to the west)
- Mechanicsburg is located in Bland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mechanicsburg
- Round Bottom
(23 miles [37 km] to the west)
- Round Bottom is located in Bland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Round Bottom
- Rocky Gap
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Rocky Gap is located in Bland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rocky Gap
- Hicksville
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Hicksville is located in Bland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hicksville
- Bland
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
- Bastian
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
- Carroll County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Sylvatus
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
- Sylvatus is located in Carroll County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sylvatus
- Dugspur
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Shorts Creek
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Shorts Creek is located in Carroll County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shorts Creek
- Star
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Star is located in Carroll County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Star
- Craig County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Captain
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
- Captain is located in Craig County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Captain
- Huffman
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
- Huffman is located in Craig County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huffman
- Simmonsville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
- Simmonsville is located in Craig County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Simmonsville
- Abbott
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
- Abbott is located in Craig County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Abbott
- Floyd County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Sowers
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Sowers is located in Floyd County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sowers
- Indian Valley
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Duncan
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
- Duncan is located in Floyd County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Duncan
- Terrys Fork
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
- Terrys Fork is located in Floyd County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Terrys Fork
- Poff
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Poff is located in Floyd County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Poff
- Simpsons
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Simpsons is located in Floyd County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Simpsons
- Floyd
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Montgomery County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Prices Fork
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
- Prices Fork is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Prices Fork
- McBryde Village
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
- McBryde Village is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McBryde Village
- Sundance Village
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
- Sundance Village is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sundance Village
- Blacksburg
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
- Merrimac
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
- Merrimac is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Merrimac
- Mount Tabor Village
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
- Mount Tabor Village is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Tabor Village
- Childress
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- Childress is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Childress
- Christiansburg
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- Ellett
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
- Ellett is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ellett
- Raintree Village
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
- Raintree Village is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Raintree Village
- Bennetts Mill
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
- Bennetts Mill is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bennetts Mill
- Houchins
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Houchins is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Houchins
- Oak Grove
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Oak Grove is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oak Grove
- Pulaski County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Parrott
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- Parrott is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parrott
- Cowan
(5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
- Cowan is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cowan
- Fairlawn
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
- Fairlawn is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairlawn
- Dublin
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
- Sassin ‑ Historic
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
- Sassin is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sassin
- Newbern
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Wurno
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
- Wurno is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wurno
- Hilton Village
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
- Hilton Village is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hilton Village
- Snowville
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Snowville is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Snowville
- Pulaski
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
- Draper
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Mack Creek Village
(18 miles [29 km] to the south)
- Mack Creek Village is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mack Creek Village
- Radford City
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Radford
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
- New Town
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- New Town is located in Radford City
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Town
- Sunset Village
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Sunset Village is located in Radford City
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunset Village
- Mill Village
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Mill Village is located in Radford City
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mill Village
- Radford Village
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Radford Village is located in Radford City
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Radford Village
- Simpkins Village
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
- Simpkins Village is located in Radford City
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Simpkins Village
- Roanoke County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Riverside
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
- Riverside is located in Roanoke County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Riverside
- Wabun
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Wabun is located in Roanoke County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wabun
- Moomaw ‑ Historic
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Moomaw is located in Roanoke County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Moomaw
- Bent Mountain
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Catawba
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
- Wythe County
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Locust Hill
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
- Locust Hill is located in Wythe County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Locust Hill
- Max Meadows
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
- Fort Chiswell
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Fort Chiswell is located in Wythe County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fort Chiswell
- Kent
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
- Kent is located in Wythe County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kent
- Siloam
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
- Siloam is located in Wythe County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Siloam
- Logan County (WV)
- Rich Creek
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Rich Creek is located in Logan County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rich Creek
- Mercer County (WV)
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Willowton
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northwest)
- Willowton is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willowton
- Elgood
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northwest)
- Elgood is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elgood
- Oakvale
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Oakvale is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakvale
- Population from the 2020 Census: 109 people
- East River ‑ Historic
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- East River is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East River
- Athens
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
- Blake ‑ Historic
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
- Blake is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blake
- Oak Grove
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
- Oak Grove is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oak Grove
- Princeton
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Edison
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
- Edison is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Edison
- El Centro ‑ Historic
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
- El Centro is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for El Centro
- Johnston Town
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
- Johnston Town is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Johnston Town
- Bethel ‑ Historic
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
- Bethel is located in Mercer County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bethel
- Monroe County (WV)
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Peterstown
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Assurance
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Assurance is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Assurance
- Ballard
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
- Ballard is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ballard
- Wikel
(18 miles [29 km] to the north)
- Wikel is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wikel
- Wayside
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Wayside is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wayside
- Union
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
- Union is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Union
- Population from the 2020 Census: 539 people
- Hillsdale
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Hillsdale is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hillsdale
- Creamery
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Creamery is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Creamery
- Hollywood
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Hollywood is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hollywood
- Wolfcreek
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Wolfcreek is located in Monroe County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wolfcreek
- Summers County (WV)
- The following are listed by their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Mercers Saltworks ‑ Historic
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
- Mercers Saltworks is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mercers Saltworks
- Forest Hill
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Bargers Springs
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Bargers Springs is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bargers Springs
- Buck
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
- Buck is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Buck
- Pipestem
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- Hilldale
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Hilldale is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hilldale
- Lowell
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Lowell is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lowell
- Talcott
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- True
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- True is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for True
- Packs Ferry
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
- Packs Ferry is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Packs Ferry
- Riffe
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
- Riffe is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Riffe
- Bellepoint
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Bellepoint is located in Summers County (WV)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bellepoint
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Bear Spring, see our County-by-County Page for Bear Spring.
Cemeteries Near Bear Spring ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Bear Spring.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Bear Spring - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Bear Spring covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Walker Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Anderson Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Wesley Chapel Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
- Brown Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Wake Forest Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Pleasant Hill Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Staffordsville Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Highland Emmanuel Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Hickman Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Hoges Chapel Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Mt. Lebanon Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Snider Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Continue List (352 more) ...
- Eatons Chapel Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the west)
- Shannon - King Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Anderson - Vickers Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>
While we didn't find Bear Spring in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Bear Spring.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Bear Spring, with the one closest to Bear Spring listed first.
- Dry Branch
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Dry Branch is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dry Branch
- Goodwins Ferry
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
- Goodwins Ferry is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goodwins Ferry
- Eggleston
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Trigg
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
- Trigg is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Trigg
- Churchwood ‑ Historic
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Churchwood is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Churchwood
- Belspring
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- Belspring is located in Pulaski County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belspring
- Bane
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Bane is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bane
- Staffordsville
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Staffordsville is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Staffordsville
- Wabash ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the west)
- Wabash is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wabash
- Pembroke
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Poplar Hill
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Poplar Hill is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Poplar Hill
- Ripplemead
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Ripplemead is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ripplemead
- Continue List (13 more) ...
- Maybrook
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
- Maybrook is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maybrook
- Prospectdale
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Prospectdale is located in Giles County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Prospectdale
- Pearisburg
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Bear Spring. See our List of 1890's Communities around Bear Spring.
Newspapers Published in Bear Spring ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 31 newspapers that have been published in the area around Bear Spring.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Bear Spring, there are papers which were published within 12 miles [19.3 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Bear Spring.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Bear Spring:
- Websites specific to Virginia
- Pages specific to Giles County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Bland County
- Carroll County
- Craig County
- Floyd County
- Montgomery County
- Pulaski County
- Radford City
- Roanoke County
- Wythe County
- Logan County
- Mercer County
- Monroe County
- Summers County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for Virginia
Footnotes ...
| <1> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <2> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
| <3> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Bear Spring, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <4> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Bear Spring) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |