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Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Windward Heights (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Windward Heights. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Name Variations for Windward Heights ...

When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.

Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might occur.

For example, a typical abbreviation for Windward Heights: Windward Hts. (in Canada, 'Hgts.' is the more common abbreviation.)

If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Windward Heights is located in Butler County.

To see how the shape of Pennsylvania's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Butler County: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Clarion, Lawrence, Mercer, Venango & Westmoreland.

Below are the counties that are near Windward Heights. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Windward Heights:

  • Butler County     (The home county of Windward Heights)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Unionville
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Unionville is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Unionville
    • Butler
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
    • East Butler
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
    • Greenwood Village
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Greenwood Village is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greenwood Village
    • Meadowood
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
      • Meadowood is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Meadowood
    • Meridian
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Meridian is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Meridian
    • Greece City
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
      • Greece City is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greece City
    • Oak Hills
      (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
      • Oak Hills is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oak Hills
    • North Oakland
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
      • North Oakland is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Oakland
    • Saint Joe
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
      • Saint Joe is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint Joe
    • McCalmont
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
      • McCalmont is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McCalmont
    • Herman
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Hooker
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Hooker is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hooker
  • Allegheny County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Culmerville
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
      • Culmerville is located in Allegheny County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Culmerville
    • Curtisville
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
      • Curtisville is located in Allegheny County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Curtisville
    • Gibsonia
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
    • Russellton
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
    • Wexford
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
    • Bradford Woods
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
      • Bradford Woods is located in Allegheny County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bradford Woods
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,135 people
    • Wildwood
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
    • Karns
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Karns is located in Allegheny County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Karns
    • Sligo
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Sligo is located in Allegheny County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sligo
    • Rural Ridge
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
    • Tarentum
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
    • Brackenridge
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
    • Natrona
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
      • Natrona is located in Allegheny County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Natrona
  • Armstrong County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Fredericksburg
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
      • Fredericksburg is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fredericksburg
    • Kaylor
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
      • Kaylor is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kaylor
    • Laird Crossing
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
      • Laird Crossing is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Laird Crossing
    • Shadyside Village
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Shadyside Village is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shadyside Village
      • Shadyside Village has also been known as:
      • Buffalo Creek
      • Yellow Dog Village
    • Worthington
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
    • Bradys Bend
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Bradys Bend is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bradys Bend
    • Queenstown
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Queenstown is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Queenstown
    • Cowansville
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
    • Slate Lick
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Slate Lick is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Slate Lick
    • Walkchalk
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
      • Walkchalk is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walkchalk
    • Parker
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Aladdin
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
      • Aladdin is located in Armstrong County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Aladdin
    • Freeport
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
  • Beaver County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Goehring
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
      • Goehring is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goehring
    • Lillyville
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
      • Lillyville is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lillyville
    • Wurtemburg
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
      • Wurtemburg is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wurtemburg
    • Barrisville
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
      • Barrisville is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Barrisville
    • Ellwood City
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
    • Frisco
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • Frisco is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Frisco
    • North Sewickley
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • North Sewickley is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Sewickley
    • Knob
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
      • Knob is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Knob
    • Wallace City
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Wallace City is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wallace City
    • Homewood
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
      • Homewood is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Homewood
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 121 people
    • Koppel
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
    • Thompson
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
      • Thompson is located in Beaver County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thompson
    • Beaver Falls
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
  • Clarion County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • East Brady
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
    • Phillipston
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
      • Phillipston is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Phillipston
    • Catfish
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
      • Catfish is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Catfish
    • Bela
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Bela is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bela
    • Foxburg
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
    • West Freedom
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • West Freedom is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Freedom
    • Saint Petersburg
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Lawsonham
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
      • Lawsonham is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lawsonham
    • Toby
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Toby is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Toby
    • Alum Rock
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
      • Alum Rock is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alum Rock
    • Callensburg
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
      • Callensburg is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Callensburg
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 191 people
    • Rimersburg
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
    • Turkey City
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Turkey City is located in Clarion County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Turkey City
  • Lawrence County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Grant City
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
      • Grant City is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grant City
    • Rose Point
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
      • Rose Point is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rose Point
    • Harlansburg
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Harlansburg is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harlansburg
    • Ellport
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
      • Ellport is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ellport
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,102 people
    • Energy
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
      • Energy is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Energy
    • McCaslin
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • McCaslin is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McCaslin
    • Altman
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
      • Altman is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Altman
    • Wampum
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
    • Volant
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
    • New Castle
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
    • South New Castle
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • South New Castle is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South New Castle
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 659 people
    • East Moravia
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
      • East Moravia is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Moravia
    • Mahoningtown
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
      • Mahoningtown is located in Lawrence County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mahoningtown
  • Mercer County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Courtneys Mills
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Courtneys Mills is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Courtneys Mills
    • North Liberty
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northwest)
      • North Liberty is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Liberty
    • Swamproot
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
      • Swamproot is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Swamproot
    • Enterprise
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
      • Enterprise is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enterprise
    • Leesburg
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Leesburg is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Leesburg
    • Perrys Corners
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Perrys Corners is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Perrys Corners
    • Millburn
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
      • Millburn is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millburn
    • Kilgore
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
      • Kilgore is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kilgore
    • Perrine Corners
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
      • Perrine Corners is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Perrine Corners
    • Jackson Center
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
    • Mercer
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
    • Carbon
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Carbon is located in Mercer County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carbon
  • Venango County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Eakin Corner
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
      • Eakin Corner is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eakin Corner
    • Barkeyville
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
    • Clintonville
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
    • Nectarine
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
      • Nectarine is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nectarine
    • Bullion
      (23 miles [37 km] to the north)
      • Bullion is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bullion
    • Emlenton
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
    • Saint George
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
      • Saint George is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint George
    • Pearl
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
      • Pearl is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pearl
    • Henderson Station
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
      • Henderson Station is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Henderson Station
    • Coal City
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
      • Coal City is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Coal City
    • Nickleville
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Nickleville is located in Venango County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nickleville
  • Westmoreland County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.
    • Bagdad
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
      • Bagdad is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bagdad
    • Arnold
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
      • Arnold is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arnold
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 4,790 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Arnold <1>
    • West Leechburg
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
      • West Leechburg is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Leechburg
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,211 people
    • New Kensington
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
    • Lower Burrell
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
    • Weinel Crossroads
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
      • Weinel Crossroads is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Weinel Crossroads
    • Parnassus
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
      • Parnassus is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parnassus
    • Hyde Park
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
    • East Vandergrift
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
      • East Vandergrift is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Vandergrift
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 631 people
    • Vandergrift
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
    • Oklahoma
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Oklahoma is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oklahoma
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 739 people
    • North Washington
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
      • North Washington is located in Westmoreland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Washington

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Windward Heights, see our County-by-County Page for Windward Heights.

Cemeteries Near Windward Heights ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Windward Heights.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Windward Heights - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Windward Heights covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.

  • St. Peters Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the south)
  • Rose Hill Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rose Hill Cemetery
    • To give a relative sense of its location, the Rose Hill Cemetery is a large cemetery that is located outside and to the northwest of Butler.
    • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #45919 <2>
  • Butler Memorial Park
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • North Side Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • North Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • Butler County Memorial Park Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
  • South Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
  • B'nai Abraham Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
  • Whitmire Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
  • Mt. Chestnut Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
  • Greenlawn Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
  • Zions Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Continue List   (289 more) ...

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>

While we didn't find Windward Heights in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Windward Heights.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Windward Heights, with the one closest to Windward Heights listed first.

  • Butler
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
  • Mount Chestnut
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
    • Mount Chestnut is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Chestnut
  • Greece City
    (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
    • Greece City is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greece City
  • Euclid
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
    • Euclid is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Euclid
  • McCalmont
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • McCalmont is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McCalmont
  • Brinker
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Brinker is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brinker
  • Herman
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
  • Carbon Center
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
    • Carbon Center is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carbon Center
  • Saint Joe
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
    • Saint Joe is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint Joe
  • North Oakland
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
    • North Oakland is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Oakland
  • Whitestown
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
    • Whitestown is located in Butler County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whitestown
  • Renfrew
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
  • Continue List   (14 more) ...
    • Hooker
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Hooker is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hooker
    • Elora
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Elora is located in Butler County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elora
    • West Sunbury
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Windward Heights. See our List of 1890's Communities around Windward Heights.

Newspapers Published in Windward Heights ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 40 newspapers that have been published in the area around Windward Heights.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Windward Heights, there are papers which were published within 14 miles [22.5 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Windward Heights.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we first visit the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Windward Heights:

Footnotes ...

<1>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<3>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Windward Heights, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<4>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Windward Heights) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.