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Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Martel Estates (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Martel Estates. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Name Variations for Martel Estates ...

When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.

For example, a typical abbreviation for Martel Estates: Martel Ests.

If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Martel Estates is located in Loudon County.

To see how the shape of Tennessee's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Loudon County: Blount, Knox, McMinn, Monroe & Roane.

Below are the counties that are near Martel Estates. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Martel Estates:

  • Loudon County     (The home county of Martel Estates)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Lenoir City
      (Less than 2 miles to the west)
    • Sharp Estates
      (Less than 2 miles to the west)
      • Sharp Estates is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sharp Estates
      • Estimated population in 2014: 919 people
    • Eaton Crossroads
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Eaton Crossroads is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eaton Crossroads
    • Vancouver ‑ Historic
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Vancouver is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vancouver
    • Centersville
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
      • Centersville is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Centersville
    • White Wing Ferry
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
      • White Wing Ferry is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for White Wing Ferry
      • Estimated population in 2014: 4,550 people
    • Loudon
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
    • Alleghany ‑ Historic
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
      • Alleghany is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alleghany
      • Estimated population in 2014: 630 people
    • Loudon City Park
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
      • Loudon City Park is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Loudon City Park
    • Greenback
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
    • Morganton
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
      • Morganton is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Morganton
    • Jena
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Jena is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jena
      • Estimated population in 2014: 2,279 people
  • Anderson County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Oak Ridge
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
    • Scarboro
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
      • Scarboro is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Scarboro
    • Robertsville
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
      • Robertsville is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Robertsville
    • Spring Hill
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Spring Hill is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spring Hill
      • Estimated population in 2014: 16,752 people
    • Fairview ‑ Historic
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
      • Fairview is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairview
    • Oliver Springs
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
    • Claxton
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Claxton is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Claxton
    • Peak
      (18 miles [29 km] to the north)
      • Peak is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peak
    • Clinton
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
    • Leinarts
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
      • Leinarts is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Leinarts
    • Panther ‑ Historic
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Panther is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Panther
    • Bethel
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
      • Bethel is located in Anderson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bethel
      • Estimated population in 2014: 719 people
  • Blount County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Friendsville
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Kiser
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Kiser is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kiser
    • McMullens
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
      • McMullens is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McMullens
      • Estimated population in 2014: 13,620 people
    • Louisville
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the east)
    • Big Springs
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Big Springs is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Big Springs
      • Big Springs has also been known as:
      • Cliff
    • Cloyd Creek ‑ Historic
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Cloyd Creek is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cloyd Creek
    • Binfield
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Binfield is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Binfield
    • Brick Mill
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Brick Mill is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brick Mill
    • Fairway Estates
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Fairway Estates is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairway Estates
      • Estimated population in 2014: 8,224 people
    • Alcoa
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
      • Alcoa is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alcoa
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 10,382 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Alcoa <1>
    • Walnut Hill Estates
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Walnut Hill Estates is located in Blount County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walnut Hill Estates
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 2,394 people
    • Maryville
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
  • Campbell County
    • Shea
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
      • Shea is located in Campbell County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shea
  • Knox County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Boyd
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Boyd is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Boyd
    • Virtue
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Virtue is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Virtue
      • Estimated population in 2014: 131 people
    • Belle Aire
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
      • Belle Aire is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belle Aire
      • Estimated population in 2014: 512 people
    • Farragut
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
    • Concord
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Concord is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Concord
    • Ebenezer
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Ebenezer is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ebenezer
    • Volunteer Village
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
      • Volunteer Village is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Volunteer Village
    • Aldenwood Park
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Aldenwood Park is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Aldenwood Park
      • Estimated population in 2014: 8,753 people
    • Kingston Woods
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Kingston Woods is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kingston Woods
      • Estimated population in 2014: 2,790 people
    • Oak Grove Heights
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Oak Grove Heights is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oak Grove Heights
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 4,425 people
    • Karns
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
    • Middlebrook Acres
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
      • Middlebrook Acres is located in Knox County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Middlebrook Acres
      • Estimated population in 2014: 593 people
  • McMinn County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Bell Spring
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Bell Spring is located in McMinn County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bell Spring
    • Prigmore
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Prigmore is located in McMinn County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Prigmore
    • Manila
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
      • Manila is located in McMinn County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Manila
    • Niota
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
    • Englewood
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
    • Nonaburg
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
      • Nonaburg is located in McMinn County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nonaburg
  • Meigs County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Surprise
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
      • Surprise is located in Meigs County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Surprise
      • Estimated population in 2014: 1,799 people
    • Sewee
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Sewee is located in Meigs County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sewee
  • Monroe County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Vonore
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
    • Tuskeegee ‑ Historic
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
      • Tuskeegee is located in Monroe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tuskeegee
      • Estimated population in 2014: 2,663 people
    • Toqua ‑ Historic
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
      • Toqua is located in Monroe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Toqua
    • Sweetwater
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
    • Halfway Town ‑ Historic
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
      • Halfway Town is located in Monroe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Halfway Town
    • Madisonville
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
    • Ipe ‑ Historic
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Ipe is located in Monroe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ipe
    • Acorn
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
      • Acorn is located in Monroe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Acorn
    • Ballplay
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
      • Ballplay is located in Monroe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ballplay
    • Belltown
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
      • Belltown is located in Monroe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belltown
  • Morgan County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Tupper Town
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
      • Tupper Town is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tupper Town
    • Blue Gem ‑ Historic
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Blue Gem is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blue Gem
    • Coal Hill
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Coal Hill is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Coal Hill
    • Coalfield
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
      • Coalfield is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Coalfield
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 2,463 people
    • Harriman
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
    • Oakdale
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Oakdale is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakdale
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 207 people
    • Petros
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Petros is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Petros
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 583 people
    • Deermont
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
      • Deermont is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Deermont
    • Mahan Village
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Mahan Village is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mahan Village
    • Wartburg
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
    • Catoosa ‑ Historic
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Catoosa is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Catoosa
    • Nemo
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Nemo is located in Morgan County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nemo
  • Rhea County
    • Roddy
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
      • Roddy is located in Rhea County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roddy
  • Roane County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Cave Creek
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
      • Cave Creek is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cave Creek
    • Bradbury
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Bradbury is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bradbury
    • Selkirk ‑ Historic
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Selkirk is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Selkirk
    • Bear ‑ Historic
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Bear is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bear
    • Wheat ‑ Historic
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Wheat is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wheat
    • Ethel ‑ Historic
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Ethel is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ethel
      • Estimated population in 2014: 2,049 people
    • Dyllis
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Dyllis is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dyllis
    • Kries
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Kries is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kries
    • Laddie Village
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
      • Laddie Village is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Laddie Village
    • Iron Divide ‑ Historic
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
      • Iron Divide is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Iron Divide
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 328 people
    • Kingston
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
    • Kelley Town
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Kelley Town is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kelley Town
  • Scott County
    • Hembree
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
      • Hembree is located in Scott County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hembree
  • Sevier County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.
    • Seymour Heights
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Seymour Heights is located in Sevier County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Seymour Heights
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 10,919 people
    • Dupont
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
      • Dupont is located in Sevier County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dupont
    • Seymour
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
    • Oak City
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
      • Oak City is located in Sevier County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oak City

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Martel Estates, see our County-by-County Page for Martel Estates.

Cemeteries Near Martel Estates ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Martel Estates.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Martel Estates - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Martel Estates covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.

  • Lakeview Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the south)
  • Lakeview Memorial Gardens
    (Less than 2 miles to the south)
  • Lenoir City Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
  • Jackson Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • Keener Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
  • Crandall Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
  • Eldridge Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
  • Huff Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
  • Long Tom Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
  • Moreland Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
  • Browder Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Jackson Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
  • Continue List   (1008 more) ...
    • Wyly Cemetery
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
    • Prater Cemetery
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
    • Leeper Cemetery
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>

While we didn't find Martel Estates in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Martel Estates.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Martel Estates, with the one closest to Martel Estates listed first.

  • Boyd
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Boyd is located in Knox County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Boyd
  • Eaton Crossroads
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
    • Eaton Crossroads is located in Loudon County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eaton Crossroads
  • Vancouver ‑ Historic
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Vancouver is located in Loudon County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vancouver
  • Disco
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
    • Disco is located in Blount County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Disco
  • Virtue
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Virtue is located in Knox County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Virtue
    • Estimated population in 2014: 131 people
  • Unitia
    (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
    • Unitia is located in Loudon County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Unitia
  • Coytee ‑ Historic
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Coytee is located in Loudon County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Coytee
  • Kiser
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Kiser is located in Blount County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kiser
  • Ewing ‑ Historic
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
    • Ewing is located in Blount County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ewing
  • Concord
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Concord is located in Knox County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Concord
  • Oral
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
    • Oral is located in Roane County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oral
  • Loudon
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
  • Continue List   (15 more) ...
    • Griffitts ‑ Historic
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
      • Griffitts is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Griffitts
    • Meadow
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Meadow is located in Loudon County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Meadow
    • Cave Creek
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
      • Cave Creek is located in Roane County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cave Creek

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Martel Estates. See our List of 1890's Communities around Martel Estates.

Newspapers Published in Martel Estates ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 28 newspapers that have been published in the area around Martel Estates.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Martel Estates, there are papers which were published within 11 miles [17.7 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Martel Estates.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we first visit the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Martel Estates:

Footnotes ...

<1>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<3>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Martel Estates, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<4>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Martel Estates) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.