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Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Shillings Mill (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Shillings Mill. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Name Variations for Shillings Mill ...

When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.

Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might occur.

  • A typical abbreviation for Shillings Mill: Shillings Ml. (or less commonly used: Shillings Mll.)
  • While the name of this community is Shillings Mill, be aware that it's the common practice of mapmakers to remove the apostrophe from possessive names<1>. So Shillings Mill may originally have been Shilling's Mill.

    Sometimes the trailing 's' might be dropped altogether, in which case Shillings Mill might be written as Shilling Mill.

If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Shillings Mill is located in Mahoning County.

To see how the shape of Ohio's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Mahoning County: Columbiana, Portage, Stark, Trumbull, Lawrence (PA) & Mercer (PA).

Below are the counties that are near Shillings Mill. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Shillings Mill:

  • Mahoning County     (The home county of Shillings Mill)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Craig Beach
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
      • Craig Beach is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Craig Beach
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,110 people
    • Ellsworth
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
      • Ellsworth is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ellsworth
    • North Jackson
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
    • Patmos
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Patmos is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Patmos
    • Hickory Corners
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Hickory Corners is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hickory Corners
    • Alliance Junction
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
      • Alliance Junction is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alliance Junction
    • Beloit
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
    • Maple Ridge
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
      • Maple Ridge is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maple Ridge
    • Sebring
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
    • West Austintown
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the east)
      • West Austintown is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Austintown
    • Damascus
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
    • Westville
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
      • Westville is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westville
  • Carroll County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Pekin
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
      • Pekin is located in Carroll County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pekin
    • Augusta
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
    • Malvern
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
    • Watheys
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
      • Watheys is located in Carroll County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Watheys
    • Hibbetts
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
      • Hibbetts is located in Carroll County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hibbetts
    • Mechanicstown
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
    • Wyncrest
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
      • Wyncrest is located in Carroll County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wyncrest
  • Columbiana County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Salem
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Salem is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Salem
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 11,517 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Salem <2>
    • North Georgetown
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
    • Reading
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
      • Reading is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Reading
    • Washingtonville
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
    • Franklin Square
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
      • Franklin Square is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Franklin Square
    • Leetonia
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
    • Adair
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
      • Adair is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Adair
    • Chambersburg
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
      • Chambersburg is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chambersburg
    • New Alexander
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
      • New Alexander is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Alexander
    • Teegarden
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
      • Teegarden is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Teegarden
    • Columbiana
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
    • Coleman
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
      • Coleman is located in Columbiana County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Coleman
  • Franklin County
    • Hilltop
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Hilltop is located in Franklin County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hilltop
  • Geauga County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Parkman
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
    • Welshfield
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
      • Welshfield is located in Geauga County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Welshfield
    • Auburn Corners
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
      • Auburn Corners is located in Geauga County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Auburn Corners
    • Middlefield
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
    • Burton
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
    • Bainbridge
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
  • Portage County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Lloyd
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
      • Lloyd is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lloyd
    • Keans ‑ Historic
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
      • Keans is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Keans
    • Diamond
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Diamond is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Diamond
    • Palmyra
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Palmyra is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palmyra
    • Yale
      (5 miles [8 km] to the west)
      • Yale is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yale
    • Wayland
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
      • Wayland is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wayland
    • Augerburg
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Augerburg is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Augerburg
    • Windham
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
    • Campbellsport
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Campbellsport is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Campbellsport
    • Rootstown
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
    • Mahoning
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
      • Mahoning is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mahoning
    • Drakesburg
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Drakesburg is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Drakesburg
  • Stark County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Limaville
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
      • Limaville is located in Stark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Limaville
      • Estimated population in 2019: 144 people
    • Alliance
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
    • New Baltimore
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
      • New Baltimore is located in Stark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Baltimore
    • Hartville
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
    • Louisville
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
    • Belfort
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Belfort is located in Stark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belfort
    • Oval City
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Oval City is located in Stark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oval City
    • Uniontown
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
    • Minerva
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
    • Greentown
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Greentown is located in Stark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greentown
    • East Canton
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
    • North Canton
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
  • Summit County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Mogadore
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
    • Lakemore
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • Lakemore is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lakemore
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,061 people
    • Munroe Falls
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
    • Myersville
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • Myersville is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Myersville
    • North Springfield
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • North Springfield is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Springfield
    • Tallmadge
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
    • Stow
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
      • Stow is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stow
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 34,714 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Stow <2>
    • Silver Lake
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
      • Silver Lake is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Silver Lake
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,484 people
    • Cuyahoga Falls
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
    • East Akron
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • East Akron is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Akron
    • Green
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • Green is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 25,678 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Green <2>
    • Greensburg
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • Greensburg is located in Summit County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greensburg
  • Trumbull County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • South Canal
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
      • South Canal is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Canal
    • Newton Falls
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
    • Lordstown
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Lordstown is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lordstown
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,244 people
    • Phalanx
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
      • Phalanx is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Phalanx
    • Austin Village
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Austin Village is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Austin Village
    • Bolindale
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Bolindale is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bolindale
    • Hilltop
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Hilltop is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hilltop
    • Leavittsburg
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
    • Niles
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Niles is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Niles
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 18,050 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Niles <2>
    • McDonald
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
      • McDonald is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McDonald
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,019 people
    • Warren
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Warren is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Warren
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 38,479 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Warren <2>
    • Delightful
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
      • Delightful is located in Trumbull County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delightful
  • Lawrence County (PA)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Hillsville
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • Hillsville is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hillsville
    • New Bedford
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • New Bedford is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Bedford
    • Robinson
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • Robinson is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Robinson
    • Bessemer
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Bessemer is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bessemer
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,045 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bessemer <2>
    • S.N.P.J
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • S.N.P.J is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for S.N.P.J
      • Estimated population in 2019: 19 people
    • Edinburg
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
    • Mount Jackson
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
      • Mount Jackson is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Jackson
    • Pulaski
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
      • Pulaski is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pulaski
    • Nashua
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
      • Nashua is located in Lawrence County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nashua
    • Enon Valley
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
  • Mercer County (PA)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.
    • Wheatland
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
    • Clark
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Clark is located in Mercer County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clark
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 588 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Clark <2>
    • Farrell
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Farrell is located in Mercer County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Farrell
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 4,542 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Farrell <2>
    • Grove City
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
    • Sharon
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Sharon is located in Mercer County (PA)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sharon
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 12,827 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sharon <2>
    • West Middlesex
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
    • Hermitage
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
    • Sharpsville
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Shillings Mill, see our County-by-County Page for Shillings Mill.

Cemeteries Near Shillings Mill ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Shillings Mill.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Shillings Mill - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Shillings Mill covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.

  • Mottown Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
  • Reichert Farm Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
  • Vaughn Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
  • West Berlin Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southeast)
  • North Berlin Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
  • Deerfield Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
  • Eckis Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
  • Robinson Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
  • Hayden Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Hartzell Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
  • North Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
  • Palmyra Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palmyra Cemetery
    • To give a relative sense of its location, the Palmyra Cemetery is located outside and to the west of Palmyra.
    • The Palmyra Cemetery has also been known as:
    • Palmyra West Cemetery
  • Continue List   (517 more) ...
    • North Benton Cemetery
      (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
    • Lumberton Cemetery
      (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
    • Price Mill Cemetery
      (5 miles [8 km] to the north)

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>

While we didn't find Shillings Mill in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Shillings Mill.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Shillings Mill, with the one closest to Shillings Mill listed first.

  • Blanco
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
    • Blanco is located in Mahoning County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blanco
  • Lloyd
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
    • Lloyd is located in Portage County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lloyd
  • Keans ‑ Historic
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
    • Keans is located in Portage County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Keans
  • Berlin Center
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
  • Diamond
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
    • Diamond is located in Portage County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Diamond
  • Deerfield
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Palmyra
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Palmyra is located in Portage County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palmyra
  • Pritchard
    (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
    • Pritchard is located in Portage County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pritchard
  • North Benton
    (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
    • North Benton is located in Mahoning County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Benton
  • Rosemont
    (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
    • Rosemont is located in Mahoning County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rosemont
  • Yale
    (5 miles [8 km] to the west)
    • Yale is located in Portage County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yale
  • Snodes
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Snodes is located in Mahoning County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Snodes
  • Continue List   (15 more) ...
    • McClintocksburg
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
      • McClintocksburg is located in Portage County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McClintocksburg
    • Patmos
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Patmos is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Patmos
    • Ellsworth
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
      • Ellsworth is located in Mahoning County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ellsworth

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Shillings Mill. See our List of 1890's Communities around Shillings Mill.

Newspapers Published in Shillings Mill ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 38 newspapers that have been published in the area around Shillings Mill.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Shillings Mill, there are papers which were published within 14 miles [22.5 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Shillings Mill.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we like to start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Shillings Mill:

Footnotes ...

<1>It's generally believed that possessive apostrophes are removed to prevent confusion on maps where the apostrophe may be confused with a cartographic symbol. While this is generally true, it's not uncommon to find possessive apostrophes in administrative names (such as towns or counties).
<2>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<3>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Shillings Mill, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<4>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Shillings Mill) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.