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Home >> State of Indiana >> Posey County >> Oak Grove >> Genealogy HelperIndex...

Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Oak Grove (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Oak Grove. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Name Variations for Oak Grove ...

When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.

Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might occur.

Another variation: Oakgrove.

  • A typical abbreviation for Oak Grove: Oak Grv.

You might be interested in other communities that are also named Oak Grove. More information can be found on our Tidbits & Trivia Page for Oak Grove.

If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Oak Grove is located in Posey County.

To see how the shape of Indiana's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Posey County: Gallatin (IL), White (IL), White (IL), Gibson, Gibson, Vanderburgh, Henderson (KY) & Union (KY).

Below are the counties that are near Oak Grove. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Oak Grove:

  • Posey County     (The home county of Oak Grove)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Hovey
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
      • Hovey is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hovey
    • Mount Vernon
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
    • Savah
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
      • Savah is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Savah
    • Bufkin
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Bufkin is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bufkin
    • Solitude
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Solitude is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Solitude
    • Caborn
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Caborn is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Caborn
    • Springfield
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Springfield is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Springfield
    • Oliver
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Oliver is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oliver
    • Hepburn
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Hepburn is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hepburn
    • New Harmony
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
    • Blairsville
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Blairsville is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blairsville
    • Wadesville
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Saint Wendel
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Saint Wendel is located in Posey County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint Wendel
  • Vanderburgh County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Vaughan
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
      • Vaughan is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vaughan
    • Cypress
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
      • Cypress is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cypress
    • Kasson
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Kasson is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kasson
    • Evansville
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
    • Armstrong
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Armstrong is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Armstrong
    • Martin
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Martin is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Martin
    • Highland
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Highland is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Highland
    • Darmstadt
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Darmstadt is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Darmstadt
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,442 people
    • Smythe
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
      • Smythe is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smythe
    • Melody Hill
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Melody Hill is located in Vanderburgh County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Melody Hill
  • Gallatin County (IL)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • New Haven
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
    • Inman
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
      • Inman is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Inman
    • Old Shawneetown
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Old Shawneetown is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Old Shawneetown
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 164 people
    • Shawneetown
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southwest)
    • Ridgway
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
      • Ridgway is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ridgway
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 742 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Ridgway <1>
    • Junction
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
    • Bowlesville ‑ Historic
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
      • Bowlesville is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bowlesville
    • Lawler
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
      • Lawler is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lawler
    • Omaha
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
      • Omaha is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Omaha
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 225 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Omaha <1>
    • Elba
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
      • Elba is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elba
    • Equality
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
  • Hamilton County (IL)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Broughton
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
    • Dale
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
    • Walpole
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
      • Walpole is located in Hamilton County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walpole
  • Hardin County (IL)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Saline Landing
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
      • Saline Landing is located in Hardin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saline Landing
    • Lamb
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
      • Lamb is located in Hardin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lamb
    • Rock Creek
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Rock Creek is located in Hardin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rock Creek
    • Karbers Ridge
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
    • Cave-In-Rock
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
      • Cave-In-Rock is located in Hardin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cave-In-Rock
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 278 people
      • Cave-In-Rock has also been known as:
      • Cave-In-Rock village
    • Elizabethtown
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
  • Pope County (IL)
    • Herod
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
  • Saline County (IL)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Texas City
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
      • Texas City is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Texas City
    • Red Bud ‑ Historic
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
      • Red Bud is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Red Bud
    • Cottage Grove
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
      • Cottage Grove is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cottage Grove
    • Eldorado
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
    • Saline City
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
      • Saline City is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saline City
    • Wasson
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
      • Wasson is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wasson
    • Muddy
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
      • Muddy is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Muddy
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 62 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Muddy <1>
    • Raleigh
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
    • Gaskins City
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
      • Gaskins City is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gaskins City
    • Harrisburg
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
    • Buena Vista
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
      • Buena Vista is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Buena Vista
    • Liberty
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
      • Liberty is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Liberty
    • Long Branch
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
      • Long Branch is located in Saline County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Long Branch
  • White County (IL)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Emma
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
    • Herald
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
    • Maunie
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
      • Maunie is located in White County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maunie
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 128 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Maunie <1>
    • Roland
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Roland is located in White County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roland
    • Stokes
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
      • Stokes is located in White County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stokes
    • Carmi
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northwest)
      • Carmi is located in White County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carmi
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 4,740 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Carmi <1>
    • Norris City
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northwest)
    • Phillipstown
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
      • Phillipstown is located in White County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Phillipstown
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 40 people
    • Crossville
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
    • Calvin
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
      • Calvin is located in White County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Calvin
    • Enfield
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
    • Grayville
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
    • Springerton
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
  • Crittenden County (KY)
    • Tolu
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
      • Tolu is located in Crittenden County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tolu
  • Henderson County (KY)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Smith Mills
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
      • Smith Mills is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smith Mills
    • Corydon
      (18 miles [29 km] to the east)
      • Corydon is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corydon
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 685 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Corydon <1>
    • Dixie
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Dixie is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dixie
    • Henderson
      (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
      • Henderson is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Henderson
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 27,974 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Henderson <1>
    • White City
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • White City is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for White City
    • Robards
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
      • Robards is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Robards
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 497 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Robards <1>
    • Baskett
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
      • Baskett is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Baskett
    • Niagara
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
      • Niagara is located in Henderson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Niagara
  • Union County (KY)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Uniontown
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Uniontown is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Uniontown
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 930 people
    • Raleigh
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
      • Raleigh is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Raleigh
    • Chapman
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Chapman is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chapman
    • Hitesville
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Hitesville is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hitesville
    • Morganfield
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
    • Breckinridge Center
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Breckinridge Center is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Breckinridge Center
    • Flournoy
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Flournoy is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flournoy
    • Waverly
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
    • Dekoven
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
      • Dekoven is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dekoven
    • Grangertown
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
      • Grangertown is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grangertown
    • Sturgis
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
      • Sturgis is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sturgis
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,792 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sturgis <1>
    • Sullivan
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
      • Sullivan is located in Union County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sullivan
  • Webster County (KY)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.
    • Poole
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
    • West Wheatcroft
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
      • West Wheatcroft is located in Webster County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Wheatcroft
    • Wheatcroft
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
      • Wheatcroft is located in Webster County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wheatcroft
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 152 people
    • Free Union
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Free Union is located in Webster County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Free Union
    • Blackford
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
      • Blackford is located in Webster County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blackford
    • Clay
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Clay is located in Webster County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clay
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,091 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Clay <1>
    • Dixon
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Dixon is located in Webster County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dixon
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 877 people
    • Lisman
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Lisman is located in Webster County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lisman

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Oak Grove, see our County-by-County Page for Oak Grove.

Cemeteries Near Oak Grove ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Oak Grove.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Oak Grove - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Oak Grove covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.

  • Rowe Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
  • Weiss Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
  • Uniontown Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
  • St. Patrick Catholic Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
  • Sugg Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
  • Davenport Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
  • St. Agnes Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
  • Black Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
  • Callicott Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
  • Williams Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
  • Rayburn Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
  • Givens Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
  • Continue List   (333 more) ...
    • Epley Family Cemetery
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
    • Orange Grove Cemetery
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
    • Asbury Cemetery
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<2>

While we didn't find Oak Grove in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Oak Grove.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Oak Grove, with the one closest to Oak Grove listed first.

  • Hovey
    (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
    • Hovey is located in Posey County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hovey
  • Uniontown
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Uniontown is located in Union County (KY)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Uniontown
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 930 people
  • Raleigh
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
    • Raleigh is located in Union County (KY)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Raleigh
  • New Haven
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
  • Mount Vernon
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
  • Upton
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
    • Upton is located in Posey County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Upton
  • Spring Grove
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
    • Spring Grove is located in Union County (KY)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spring Grove
  • Chapman
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
    • Chapman is located in Union County (KY)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chapman
  • Emma
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
  • Blackburn
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Blackburn is located in Union County (KY)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blackburn
  • Erwin
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Erwin is located in Posey County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Erwin
  • Grafton
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
    • Grafton is located in Posey County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grafton
  • Continue List   (17 more) ...
    • Cottonwood
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the west)
      • Cottonwood is located in Gallatin County (IL)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cottonwood
    • Shawneetown
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southwest)
    • Morganfield
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Oak Grove. See our List of 1890's Communities around Oak Grove.

Newspapers Published in Oak Grove ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 33 newspapers that have been published in the area around Oak Grove.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Oak Grove, there are papers which were published within 25 miles [40.2 km]<3>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Oak Grove.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we like to start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Oak Grove:

Footnotes ...

<1>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Oak Grove, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<3>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Oak Grove) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.