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Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Alvin (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Alvin. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Alvin is located in Madison County.

To see how the shape of Georgia's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Madison County: Banks, Clarke, Elbert, Franklin, Hart, Jackson & Oglethorpe.

Below are the counties that are near Alvin. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Alvin:

  • Madison County     (The home county of Alvin)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Ila
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
      • Ila is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ila
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 359 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Ila <1>
    • Shiloh
      (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
      • Shiloh is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shiloh
    • Planter
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
      • Planter is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Planter
    • Madison Springs
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
      • Madison Springs is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Madison Springs
      • Estimated population in 2019: 4,210 people
      • Former name for Madison Springs:
      • Alexanderville
    • Dalton
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Dalton is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dalton
      • Estimated population in 2019: 33,665 people
    • Danielsville
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
    • Harrison
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
      • Harrison is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harrison
      • Estimated population in 2019: 442 people
    • Patterson
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
      • Patterson is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Patterson
      • Estimated population in 2019: 755 people
    • Colbert
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
    • Hull
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
      • Hull is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hull
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 222 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Hull <1>
    • Comer
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Comer is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Comer
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,302 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Comer <1>
    • Carlton
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
  • Banks County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Homer
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
    • Maysville
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
  • Barrow County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Statham
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
    • Russell
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
      • Russell is located in Barrow County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Russell
    • Winder
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
    • Bethlehem
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
  • Clarke County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Jefferson Valley
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
      • Jefferson Valley is located in Clarke County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jefferson Valley
      • Estimated population in 2019: 939 people
    • Winterville
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
    • Athens
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
    • Lexington Heights
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
      • Lexington Heights is located in Clarke County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lexington Heights
      • Estimated population in 2019: 228 people
    • Riverside
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
      • Riverside is located in Clarke County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Riverside
      • Estimated population in 2016: 35 people
    • Cedar Shoals Estates
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
      • Cedar Shoals Estates is located in Clarke County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cedar Shoals Estates
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 74 people
    • Pine Lake
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
      • Pine Lake is located in Clarke County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pine Lake
      • Estimated population in 2019: 754 people
    • Cleveland Station
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Cleveland Station is located in Clarke County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cleveland Station
      • Estimated population in 2019: 4,165 people
    • Chamberlin
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
      • Chamberlin is located in Clarke County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chamberlin
      • Estimated population in 2019: 30,307 people
  • Elbert County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Bowman
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
    • Harper
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
      • Harper is located in Elbert County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harper
    • Dewy Rose
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
    • Goss
      (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
      • Goss is located in Elbert County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goss
    • Centerville
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
      • Centerville is located in Elbert County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Centerville
    • Elberton
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
    • Harmony
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
      • Harmony is located in Elbert County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harmony
    • Silk Mills
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
      • Silk Mills is located in Elbert County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Silk Mills
      • Estimated population in 2019: 277 people
  • Franklin County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Cromers
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Cromers is located in Franklin County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cromers
      • Population from the 2010 Census: 639 people
    • Plainview
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
      • Plainview is located in Franklin County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plainview
    • Franklin Springs
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the east)
    • Carnesville
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
    • Aquilla ‑ Historic
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Aquilla is located in Franklin County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Aquilla
    • Royston
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
    • Parhams
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
      • Parhams is located in Franklin County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parhams
    • Canon
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
    • Lavonia
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
    • Gumlog
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Gumlog is located in Franklin County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gumlog
  • Habersham County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Alto
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Alto is located in Habersham County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alto
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,207 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Alto <1>
    • Baldwin
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
    • Raoul
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Raoul is located in Habersham County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Raoul
    • Cornelia
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Mount Airy
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Demorest
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
    • Hills
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Hills is located in Habersham County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hills
    • Clarkesville
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
  • Hall County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Gillsville
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
    • Lula
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Jarrett
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
      • Jarrett is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jarrett
    • Sugar Hill
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • Sugar Hill is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sugar Hill
    • White Sulphur Springs
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
    • Candler
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • Candler is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Candler
    • Klondike
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • Klondike is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Klondike
    • Surf Side Club Estates
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • Surf Side Club Estates is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Surf Side Club Estates
      • Estimated population in 2019: 202 people
    • New Holland
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
      • New Holland is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Holland
    • Rainbow Village
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
      • Rainbow Village is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rainbow Village
    • Gainesville Mills
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
      • Gainesville Mills is located in Hall County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gainesville Mills
      • Estimated population in 2019: 43,232 people
    • Gainesville
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
  • Hart County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Bowersville
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Flat Shoals
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Flat Shoals is located in Hart County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flat Shoals
    • Hartwell
      (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
    • Maretts
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
      • Maretts is located in Hart County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maretts
    • Reed Creek
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Reed Creek is located in Hart County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Reed Creek
    • Dooleys Ferry
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
      • Dooleys Ferry is located in Hart County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dooleys Ferry
      • Estimated population in 2019: 136 people
    • Cooleys Ferry
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Cooleys Ferry is located in Hart County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cooleys Ferry
      • Estimated population in 2019: 529 people
    • Crawfords Ferry
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Crawfords Ferry is located in Hart County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crawfords Ferry
      • Estimated population in 2019: 473 people
  • Jackson County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Commerce
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
    • Nicholson
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
    • Dry Pond
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
      • Dry Pond is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dry Pond
      • Estimated population in 2019: 15,881 people
    • Arcade
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Arcade is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arcade
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,040 people
    • Jefferson
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Attica
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Attica is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Attica
    • Holly Springs
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
      • Holly Springs is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Holly Springs
    • Talasee ‑ Historic
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
      • Talasee is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Talasee
      • Estimated population in 2019: 848 people
    • Pendergrass
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
    • Talmo
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
    • Braselton
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
    • Hoschton
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
  • Oconee County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Overlook Village
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
      • Overlook Village is located in Oconee County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Overlook Village
    • Spartan Lane
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
      • Spartan Lane is located in Oconee County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spartan Lane
      • Estimated population in 2019: 1,230 people
    • Bogart
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
    • Osceola Village
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Osceola Village is located in Oconee County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Osceola Village
    • Eastville
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
      • Eastville is located in Oconee County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eastville
    • Marshall Estates
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
      • Marshall Estates is located in Oconee County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marshall Estates
      • Estimated population in 2019: 1,227 people
    • Watkinsville
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
    • Cumberland
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
      • Cumberland is located in Oconee County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cumberland
      • Estimated population in 2019: 6,547 people
    • Bishop
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
    • North High Shoals
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
      • North High Shoals is located in Oconee County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North High Shoals
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 736 people
    • High Shoals
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
  • Oglethorpe County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Arnoldsville
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
    • Cherokee Corner ‑ Historic
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
      • Cherokee Corner is located in Oglethorpe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cherokee Corner
    • Crawford
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
    • Lexington
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
    • Veribest
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Veribest is located in Oglethorpe County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Veribest
      • Estimated population in 2019: 124 people
  • Stephens County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Avalon
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
      • Avalon is located in Stephens County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Avalon
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 226 people
    • Martin
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
    • Carnes Creek
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
      • Carnes Creek is located in Stephens County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carnes Creek
      • Estimated population in 2019: 601 people
    • Eastanollee
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
    • Toccoa
      (23 miles [37 km] to the north)
    • Toccoa Falls
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
    • Jarrett
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
      • Jarrett is located in Stephens County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jarrett
      • Estimated population in 2019: 3,974 people
  • Anderson County (SC)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Andersonville ‑ Historic
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Andersonville is located in Anderson County (SC)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Andersonville
    • Price ‑ Historic
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Price is located in Anderson County (SC)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Price
  • Oconee County (SC)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.
    • Fair Play
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
    • Madison
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
      • Madison is located in Oconee County (SC)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Madison
    • Harbin ‑ Historic
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
      • Harbin is located in Oconee County (SC)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harbin
    • Oakway
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Oakway is located in Oconee County (SC)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakway

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Alvin, see our County-by-County Page for Alvin.

Cemeteries Near Alvin ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Alvin.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Alvin - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Alvin covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.

  • Perry Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • Culbertson Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • Flagham Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • Allen Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
  • McGinnis Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Wilson Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Hix - Williams Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Chandler Cemetery #1
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Shields Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Hix Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Trinity UMC Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
  • Hebron Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
  • Continue List   (547 more) ...

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>

While we didn't find Alvin in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Alvin.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Alvin, with the one closest to Alvin listed first.

  • Erastus
    (Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
    • Erastus is located in Banks County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Erastus
  • Fort Lamar
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
    • Fort Lamar is located in Madison County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fort Lamar
  • Hix
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
    • Hix is located in Madison County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hix
  • Ila
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
    • Ila is located in Madison County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ila
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 359 people
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Ila <1>
  • Cromers
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Cromers is located in Franklin County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cromers
    • Population from the 2010 Census: 639 people
  • Ashland
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
    • Ashland is located in Franklin County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashland
  • Planter
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
    • Planter is located in Madison County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Planter
  • Arp
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
    • Arp is located in Banks County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arp
  • Madison Springs
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
    • Madison Springs is located in Madison County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Madison Springs
    • Estimated population in 2019: 4,210 people
    • Former name for Madison Springs:
    • Alexanderville
  • Walnut Hill ‑ Historic
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
    • Walnut Hill is located in Franklin County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walnut Hill
  • Danielsville
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
  • Nicholson
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
  • Continue List   (17 more) ...
    • Jewelville
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Jewelville is located in Banks County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jewelville
    • Carnesville
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
    • Apple Valley
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Apple Valley is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Apple Valley

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Alvin. See our List of 1890's Communities around Alvin.

Newspapers Published in Alvin ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 80 newspapers that have been published in the area around Alvin.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Alvin, there are papers which were published within 19 miles [30.6 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Alvin.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Alvin:

Footnotes ...

<1>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<3>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Alvin, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<4>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Alvin) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.