Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Ripley Landing (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Ripley Landing. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Name Variations for Ripley Landing ...
When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.
For example, a typical abbreviation for Ripley Landing: Ripley Lndg. (or less commonly used: Ripley Lndng.)
If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Ripley Landing is located in Jackson County.
To see how the shape of West Virginia's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Jackson County: Meigs (OH), Kanawha, Mason, Putnam, Roane, Wirt & Wood.
Below are the counties that are near Ripley Landing. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Ripley Landing:
- Jackson County (The home county of Ripley Landing)
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Millwood
(Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
- Millwood is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millwood
- Willow Grove ‑ Historic
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Willow Grove is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willow Grove
- Flatwoods
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
- Flatwoods is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flatwoods
- Huntsville ‑ Historic
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- Huntsville is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huntsville
- Angerona
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Angerona is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Angerona
- Ravenswood
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
- Sherman
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Sherman is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sherman
- Ripley
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
- Sandyville
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the east)
- Skull Run
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
- Skull Run is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Skull Run
- Wilding
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
- Wilding is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilding
- Mozelle ‑ Historic
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
- Mozelle is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mozelle
- Kanawha County
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Island Branch
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Island Branch is located in Kanawha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Island Branch
- Sissonville
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Legg
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Legg is located in Kanawha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Legg
- Mason County
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Letart
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Letart is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letart
- Baden
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Baden is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Baden
- New Haven
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
- Flatrock
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
- Flatrock is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flatrock
- Sassafras
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
- Sassafras is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sassafras
- Hartford City
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
- Hartford City is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hartford City
- Population from the 2020 Census: 593 people
- Leon
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
- Leon is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Leon
- Population from the 2020 Census: 145 people
- Brighton
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southwest)
- Brighton is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brighton
- Clifton
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Clifton is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clifton
- Mason
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Arbuckle
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Arbuckle is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arbuckle
- Southside
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Southside is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southside
- Putnam County
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Buffalo
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
- Indian Village
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
- Indian Village is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Indian Village
- Liberty
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
- Liberty is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Liberty
- Pliny
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
- Pliny is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pliny
- Paradise
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
- Paradise is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paradise
- Sigman
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
- Sigman is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sigman
- Fraziers Bottom
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Fraziers Bottom is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fraziers Bottom
- Midway
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Midway is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Midway
- Red House
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Eleanor
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
- Winfield
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
- Bancroft
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- Bancroft is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bancroft
- Population from the 2020 Census: 596 people
- Roane County
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Flint Town
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Flint Town is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flint Town
- Reedy
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Reedy is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Reedy
- Population from the 2020 Census: 159 people
- Woodyard ‑ Historic
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
- Woodyard is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodyard
- Zona
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
- Zona is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Zona
- Cicerone
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
- Cicerone is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cicerone
- Millard
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Millard is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millard
- Spencer
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Mattie ‑ Historic
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Mattie is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mattie
- Triplett
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Triplett is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Triplett
- Walton
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Rushville
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Rushville is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rushville
- Wirt County
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Peewee
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
- Peewee is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peewee
- Windy
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- Windy is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Windy
- Lucile
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
- Lucile is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lucile
- Palestine
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- Palestine is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palestine
- Elizabeth
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Newark
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Newark is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newark
- Burning Springs
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Burning Springs is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burning Springs
- Greencastle
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
- Greencastle is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greencastle
- Wood County
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Wesley ‑ Historic
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
- Wesley is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wesley
- Eli
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Eli is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eli
- Lubeck
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Lubeck is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lubeck
- Mineral Acres
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Mineral Acres is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mineral Acres
- Mineral Wells
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Pleasant View
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Pleasant View is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant View
- Washington
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Leachtown
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Leachtown is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Leachtown
- Slate
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Slate is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Slate
- Blennerhassett
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Blennerhassett is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blennerhassett
- Kanawha
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
- Kanawha is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kanawha
- Parkersburg
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Athens County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Vanderhoof
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Vanderhoof is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vanderhoof
- Coolville
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
- Pratts Fork
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
- Pratts Fork is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pratts Fork
- Youba
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Youba is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Youba
- Shade
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Carsey Town
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Carsey Town is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carsey Town
- Guysville
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Guysville is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Guysville
- Stewart
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Stewart is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stewart
- Beebe
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Beebe is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beebe
- Albany
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Gallia County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Carlton
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
- Carlton is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carlton
- Cheshire
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
- Cheshire is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cheshire
- Population from the 2020 Census: 127 people
- Kyger
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
- Kyger is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kyger
- Gallipolis
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Westbrook Village
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Westbrook Village is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westbrook Village
- Mills Village
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- Mills Village is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mills Village
- Kerr
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
- Kerr is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kerr
- Eureka
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- Eureka is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eureka
- Bladen
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
- Bladen is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bladen
- Rodney
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
- Rodney is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rodney
- Vinton
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Wigner ‑ Historic
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Wigner is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wigner
- Meigs County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Plants
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
- Plants is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plants
- Letart Falls
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Letart Falls is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letart Falls
- Dorcas
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Dorcas is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dorcas
- Racine
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Spiller
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Spiller is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spiller
- Portland
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Syracuse
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
- Bashan
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the north)
- Bashan is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bashan
- Welshtown
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Welshtown is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Welshtown
- Middleport
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Pomeroy
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Keno
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
- Keno is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Keno
- Vinton County (OH)
- Wilkesville
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Wilkesville is located in Vinton County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilkesville
- Population from the 2020 Census: 144 people
- Washington County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Redbush
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Redbush is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Redbush
- Fillmore
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Fillmore is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fillmore
- Porterfield
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Porterfield is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Porterfield
- Rockland
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
- Rockland is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rockland
- Corner
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
- Corner is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corner
- Belpre
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Belpre is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belpre
- Population from the 2020 Census: 6,356 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Belpre <1>
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Ripley Landing, see our County-by-County Page for Ripley Landing.
Cemeteries Near Ripley Landing ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Ripley Landing.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Ripley Landing - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Ripley Landing covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Jackson County Memory Gardens
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Douglass Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the east)
- Ankrum Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the south)
- Blaine Memorial Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the southeast)
- Fairview Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Wooley Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
- Barley Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Plants Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
- Letart Falls Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Sayre Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
- Cottageville Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Otterbein Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Continue List (841 more) ...
- Bush Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Boyce Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
- Bicknell Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>
The Rand McNally Atlas shows that Ripley Landing had a population of 53 people in 1895 with railroad service and no post office.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Ripley Landing, with the one closest to Ripley Landing listed first.
- Apple Grove
(Less than 2 miles to the west)
- Apple Grove is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Apple Grove
- School House ‑ Historic
(Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
- School House is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for School House
- Millwood
(Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
- Millwood is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millwood
- Cottageville
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the southeast)
- Cottageville is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cottageville
- Willow Grove ‑ Historic
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Willow Grove is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willow Grove
- Saxon
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Saxon is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saxon
- Pleasant View
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Pleasant View is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant View
- Plants
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
- Plants is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plants
- Huntsville ‑ Historic
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- Huntsville is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huntsville
- Angerona
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Angerona is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Angerona
- Great Bend
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Great Bend is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Great Bend
- Letart Falls
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Letart Falls is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letart Falls
- Continue List (14 more) ...
- Letart
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Letart is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letart
- Providence
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Providence is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Providence
- Antiquity
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Antiquity is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Antiquity
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Ripley Landing. See our List of 1890's Communities around Ripley Landing.
Newspapers Published in Ripley Landing ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 28 newspapers that have been published in the area around Ripley Landing.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Ripley Landing, there are papers which were published within 13 miles [20.9 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Ripley Landing.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first visit the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Ripley Landing:
- Websites specific to West Virginia
- Pages specific to Jackson County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Kanawha County
- Mason County
- Putnam County
- Roane County
- Wirt County
- Wood County
- Athens County
- Gallia County
- Meigs County
- Vinton County
- Washington County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for West Virginia
Footnotes ...
| <1> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <2> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
| <3> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Ripley Landing, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <4> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Ripley Landing) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |