RoadsideThoughts
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Home >> State of Missouri >> Texas County >> Upton >> Genealogy HelperIndex...










Learn About
The Commemorative
Quarter for
Missouri

The Commemorative Quarter for Missouri





Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Upton (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Upton. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Upton is located in Texas County.

To see how the shape of Missouri's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Texas County: Dent, Douglas, Howell, Laclede, Phelps, Pulaski, Shannon & Wright.

Below are the counties that are near Upton. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Upton:

  • Texas County     (The home county of Upton)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Huggins
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huggins
      • Huggins is located in Texas County
    • Bendavis
      (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bendavis have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bendavis
      • Bendavis is located in Texas County
    • Success
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Success have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Success
      • Success is located in Texas County
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Success <2>
    • Bucyrus
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bucyrus have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bucyrus
      • Bucyrus is located in Texas County
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bucyrus <2>
    • Plato
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Plato have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plato
      • Plato is located in Texas County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 101 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Plato <2>
    • Roby
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Roby have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roby
      • Roby is located in Texas County
    • Houston
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Houston have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Houston
      • Houston is located in Texas County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,085 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Houston <2>
    • Mineral Springs City
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mineral Springs City have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mineral Springs City
      • Mineral Springs City is located in Texas County
    • Simmons
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Simmons
      • Simmons is located in Texas County
    • Solo
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Solo have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Solo
      • Solo is located in Texas County
    • Dunn
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dunn
      • Dunn is located in Texas County
      • Former name for Dunn:
      • Impo
    • Elk Creek
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elk Creek
      • Elk Creek is located in Texas County
    • Cabool
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
  • Dent County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Coulstone
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Coulstone have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Coulstone
      • Coulstone is located in Dent County
    • Lenox
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lenox have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lenox
      • Lenox is located in Dent County
  • Douglas County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Vanzant
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Vanzant have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vanzant
      • Vanzant is located in Douglas County
    • Olathia
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Olathia
      • Olathia is located in Douglas County
  • Howell County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Sterling ‑ Historic
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sterling have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sterling
      • Sterling is located in Howell County
    • Willow Springs
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Willow Springs have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willow Springs
      • Willow Springs is located in Howell County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,098 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Willow Springs <2>
  • Laclede County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Lynchburg
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lynchburg have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lynchburg
      • Lynchburg is located in Laclede County
    • Competition
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Competition
      • Competition is located in Laclede County
    • Falcon
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Falcon have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Falcon
      • Falcon is located in Laclede County
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Falcon <2>
    • Twin Bridges
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Twin Bridges came from an uncertain source and they still need to be verified:<3>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Twin Bridges
      • Twin Bridges is located in Laclede County
    • Evergreen
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Evergreen have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Evergreen
      • Evergreen is located in Laclede County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 28 people
      • Evergreen has also been known as:
      • Evergreen village
    • Pease
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pease have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pease
      • Pease is located in Laclede County
    • Oakland
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakland
      • Oakland is located in Laclede County
  • Phelps County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Duke
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Duke have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Duke
      • Duke is located in Phelps County
    • Beulah
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Beulah have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beulah
      • Beulah is located in Phelps County
    • Edgar Springs
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Edgar Springs have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Edgar Springs
      • Edgar Springs is located in Phelps County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 196 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Edgar Springs <2>
  • Pulaski County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Bloodland
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bloodland
      • Bloodland is located in Pulaski County
    • Laquey
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Laquey have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Laquey
      • Laquey is located in Pulaski County
  • Wright County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.
    • Astoria
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Astoria have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Astoria
      • Astoria is located in Wright County
    • Graff
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Graff have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Graff
      • Graff is located in Wright County
    • Green Mountain
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green Mountain
      • Green Mountain is located in Wright County
    • Jerktail ‑ Historic
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Jerktail have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jerktail
      • Jerktail is located in Wright County
    • Saint George
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Saint George have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint George
      • Saint George is located in Wright County
    • Mountain Grove
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)
    • Hartville
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
    • Norwood
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Norwood have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Norwood
      • Norwood is located in Wright County
      • Estimated population in 2015: 641 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Norwood <2>
    • Grovespring
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
    • Odin
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Odin
      • Odin is located in Wright County
    • Macomb
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Macomb
      • Macomb is located in Wright County
    • Mansfield
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Upton, see our County-by-County Page for Upton.

Newspapers Published in Upton ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 51 newspapers that have been published in the area around Upton.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Upton, there are papers which were published within 28 miles [45.1 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Upton.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we first turn to the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Upton:

Cemeteries Near Upton ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Upton.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Upton covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.

  • Hickory Ridge Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the east)
  • Old Concord Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Old Concord Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Old Concord Cemetery
  • Tuttle Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the west)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Tuttle Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Tuttle Cemetery
  • Jackson Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Jackson Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Jackson Cemetery
  • Old Union Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Old Union Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Old Union Cemetery
  • White Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the White Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the White Cemetery
  • Emery Chapel Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Emery Chapel Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Emery Chapel Cemetery
  • Lynch Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Lynch Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Lynch Cemetery
  • Green Mtn. Cemetery
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Green Mtn. Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Green Mtn. Cemetery
  • Crane Cemetery
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Crane Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Crane Cemetery
  • Friendship Cemetery
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Friendship Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Friendship Cemetery
  • Hamilton Creek Cemetery
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Hamilton Creek Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hamilton Creek Cemetery
  • Continue List   (186 more) ...
    • Jarrett Cemetery
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
      • The Jarrett Cemetery has also been known as:
      • Jarrett - Hamilton Creek Cemetery
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Jarrett Cemetery
    • Rocky Branch Cemetery
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Rocky Branch Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Rocky Branch Cemetery
    • White Cemetery
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the White Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the White Cemetery

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>

While we didn't find Upton in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Upton.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Upton, with the one closest to Upton listed first.

  • Pleasant Ridge
    (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pleasant Ridge have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant Ridge
    • Pleasant Ridge is located in Texas County
  • Huggins
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huggins
    • Huggins is located in Texas County
  • Dykes
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Dykes have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dykes
    • Dykes is located in Texas County
  • Roubidoux
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Roubidoux have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roubidoux
    • Roubidoux is located in Texas County
  • Plum Valley
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Plum Valley have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plum Valley
    • Plum Valley is located in Texas County
  • Turley
    (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Turley have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Turley
    • Turley is located in Texas County
  • Alice
    (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Alice have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alice
    • Alice is located in Texas County
  • Success
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Success have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Success
    • Success is located in Texas County
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Success <2>
  • Astoria
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Astoria have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Astoria
    • Astoria is located in Wright County
  • Bado
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bado have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bado
    • Bado is located in Texas County
  • Ellis Prairie
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Ellis Prairie have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ellis Prairie
    • Ellis Prairie is located in Texas County
  • Lundy
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lundy have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lundy
    • Lundy is located in Texas County
  • Continue List   (15 more) ...
    • Rail
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rail have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rail
      • Rail is located in Wright County
    • Fowler
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Fowler have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fowler
      • Fowler is located in Texas County
    • Gravel Point ‑ Historic
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gravel Point have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gravel Point
      • Gravel Point is located in Texas County

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Upton. See our List of 1890's Communities around Upton.

Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Upton. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.

The official website for State of Missouri: https://www.mo.gov/

Footnotes ...

<1>The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required.
<2>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<3>If we found a location and have questions about the accuracy of our information, we will simply say that the marker is 'in the vicinity'. We are not confident about the location and the position of our marker is only a rough guide. If we have too many doubts about the location, we will not include it in our database.
<4>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Upton) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Upton. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 37.3689, Longitude: -92.1640       In this case, the coordinates for Upton have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).
<5>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Upton, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.




 

Copyright 2024
All Rights Reserved

Thank you for visiting our website.

In closing, please keep in mind that we can not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of the information on this website, so use with care. We encourage you to double-check the information that is critical to you.

If you've found an error or have additional information that you would like to share, please don't hesitate to write: Click here to contact us.

This page was last modified/updated: 07 Apr 2024