Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Blue Ridge Manor (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Blue Ridge Manor. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Name Variations for Blue Ridge Manor ...
When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.
For example, a typical abbreviation for Blue Ridge Manor: Blue Rdg. Mnr. (or less commonly used: Blue Rdge. Mnr. or Blue Ridg. Mnr.)
You might be interested in other communities that are also named Blue Ridge Manor. More information can be found on our Tidbits & Trivia Page for Blue Ridge Manor .
If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us .
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Blue Ridge Manor is located in Jefferson County .
To see how the shape of Kentucky's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries .
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Jefferson County : Clark (IN) , Floyd (IN) , Harrison (IN) , Bullitt , Hardin , Oldham , Shelby & Spencer .
Below are the counties that are near Blue Ridge Manor. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Blue Ridge Manor:
Jefferson County (The home county of Blue Ridge Manor)
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Sycamore (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
Sycamore is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sycamore Population from the 2020 Census: 166 people
Wildwood (Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
Wildwood is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wildwood Population from the 2020 Census: 268 people
Douglass Hills (Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
Douglass Hills is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Douglass Hills Population from the 2020 Census: 5,714 people
Woodland Hills (Less than 2 miles to the east)
Woodland Hills is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodland Hills Population from the 2020 Census: 738 people
Lakeland (Less than 2 miles to the north)
Lakeland is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lakeland Anchorage (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
Lyndon (Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
Bellemeade (Less than 2 miles to the west)
Bellemeade is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bellemeade Population from the 2020 Census: 885 people
Hurstbourne (Less than 2 miles to the west)
Hurstbourne is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hurstbourne Population from the 2020 Census: 4,397 people
Keeneland (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
Keeneland is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Keeneland Briarwood (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
Briarwood is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Briarwood Population from the 2020 Census: 446 people
Forest Hills (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
Forest Hills is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Forest Hills Population from the 2020 Census: 458 people
Hurstbourne Acres (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
Hurstbourne Acres is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hurstbourne Acres Population from the 2020 Census: 1,894 people
Anderson County
Van Buren (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
Van Buren is located in Anderson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Van Buren Bullitt County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Whitfield (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
Whitfield is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whitfield Mount Washington (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
Hunters Hollow (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
Hunters Hollow is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hunters Hollow Population from the 2020 Census: 362 people
Hebron Estates (14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
Hebron Estates is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hebron Estates Population from the 2020 Census: 1,185 people
Brooks (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
Pioneer Village (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
Pioneer Village is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pioneer Village Population from the 2020 Census: 2,978 people
Hillview (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
Hillview is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hillview Population from the 2020 Census: 9,192 people
Fox Chase (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
Fox Chase is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fox Chase Population from the 2020 Census: 490 people
Solitude (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
Solitude is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Solitude Shepherdsville (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
Bardstown Junction (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
Bardstown Junction is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bardstown Junction Clermont (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
Lotus (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
Lotus is located in Bullitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lotus Hardin County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
West Point (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
Howard (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
Howard is located in Hardin County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Howard Henry County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Jericho (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
Jericho is located in Henry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jericho Smithfield (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
Pendleton (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
Eminence (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
Sulphur (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
Pleasureville (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
New Castle (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
Campbellsburg (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Bethlehem (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
Bethlehem is located in Henry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bethlehem Turners Station (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
Turners Station is located in Henry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Turners Station Lawrence County
Castle ‑ Historic(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
Castle is located in Lawrence County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Castle Meade County
Pilcher Landing (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
Pilcher Landing is located in Meade County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pilcher Landing Nelson County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Highgrove (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
Highgrove is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Highgrove Lenore (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
Lenore is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lenore Deatsville (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
Deatsville is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Deatsville Fairfield (23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
Fairfield is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairfield Population from the 2020 Census: 113 people
Coxs Creek (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
Samuels (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
Samuels is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Samuels Hunters (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
Hunters is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hunters Bloomfield (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
Bourbon Springs (27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
Bourbon Springs is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bourbon Springs Nazareth (27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
Nazareth is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nazareth Withrow (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
Withrow is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Withrow East Bardstown (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
East Bardstown is located in Nelson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Bardstown Bardstown (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
Oldham County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Orchard Grass Hills (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
Orchard Grass Hills is located in Oldham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Orchard Grass Hills Population from the 2020 Census: 1,786 people
Pewee Valley (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
Crestwood (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
Park Lake (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
Park Lake is located in Oldham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Park Lake River Bluff (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
River Bluff is located in Oldham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for River Bluff Population from the 2020 Census: 442 people
Goshen (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
Goshen is located in Oldham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goshen Population from the 2020 Census: 1,016 people
Harmony Village (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
Harmony Village is located in Oldham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harmony Village Buckner (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
Ballardsville (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
Ballardsville is located in Oldham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ballardsville La Grange (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
Westport (16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
Russell Corner (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
Russell Corner is located in Oldham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Russell Corner Shelby County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Lincoln Ridge (10 miles [16.1 km] to the east)
Lincoln Ridge is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lincoln Ridge Simpsonville (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
Finchville (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
Finchville is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Finchville Chestnut Grove (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
Chestnut Grove is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chestnut Grove Shelbyville (18 miles [29 km] to the east)
Figgs (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
Figgs is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Figgs Southville (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
Southville is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southville Cropper (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
Cropper is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cropper Christianburg (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
Christianburg is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Christianburg Clay Village (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
Clay Village is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clay Village Bagdad (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
Waddy (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
Consolation (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
Consolation is located in Shelby County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Consolation Spencer County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Normandy (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
Normandy is located in Spencer County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Normandy Yoder (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
Yoder is located in Spencer County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yoder Taylorsville (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
Little Mount (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
Little Mount is located in Spencer County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Little Mount Wakefield (23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
Wakefield is located in Spencer County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wakefield Mount Eden (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
Mount Eden is located in Spencer County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Eden Trimble County
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Mount Pleasant (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
Mount Pleasant is located in Trimble County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Pleasant Bedford (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Trout (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
Trout is located in Trimble County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Trout Clark County (IN)
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Utica (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
Utica is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Utica Population from the 2020 Census: 996 people
Oak Park (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
Oak Park is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oak Park Arctic Springs (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
Arctic Springs is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arctic Springs Jeffersonville (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
Watson (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
Watson is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Watson Prather (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
Prather is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Prather Clarksville (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
Blackiston Village (13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
Blackiston Village is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blackiston Village Sunset Village (14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
Sunset Village is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunset Village Sellersburg (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
Charlestown (15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
Speed (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northwest)
Speed is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Speed Vesta (16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
Vesta is located in Clark County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vesta Floyd County (IN)
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
New Albany (14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
Floyds Knobs (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
Galena (21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
Galena is located in Floyd County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Galena Georgetown (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
Greenville (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
Harrison County (IN)
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Locust Point (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
Locust Point is located in Harrison County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Locust Point Lanesville (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
Elizabeth (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
New Middletown (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
Crandall (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
Crandall is located in Harrison County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crandall Population from the 2020 Census: 149 people
Bradford (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
Bradford is located in Harrison County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bradford Corydon Junction (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
Corydon Junction is located in Harrison County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corydon Junction Dogwood (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
Dogwood is located in Harrison County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dogwood New Salisbury (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
Corydon (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
Jefferson County (IN)
Chelsea (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
Chelsea is located in Jefferson County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chelsea Scott County (IN)
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Lexington (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
Goshen (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
Goshen is located in Scott County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goshen Washington County (IN)
The following are listed by their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Bartle (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
Bartle is located in Washington County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bartle New Pekin (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
New Pekin is located in Washington County (IN) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Pekin Population from the 2020 Census: 1,392 people
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Blue Ridge Manor, see our County-by-County Page for Blue Ridge Manor .
Cemeteries Near Blue Ridge Manor ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Blue Ridge Manor.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know . If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Blue Ridge Manor - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Blue Ridge Manor covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Middletown Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
Country Home Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
Jeffersontown Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
Worthington Cemetery (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
Zachary Taylor National Cemetery (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
Breckinridge Cemetery (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
Resthaven Memorial Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Resthaven Memorial Cemetery The Resthaven Memorial Cemetery has also been known as:
Rest Haven Memorial Cemetery Resthaven Cemetery Resthaven Memorial Park Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #75706 <2>
Souther Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
Louisville Memorial Gardens East (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
Forest Home Cemetery (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
Chenoweth Run Cemetery (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
Eastwood Cemetery (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
Continue List (388 more) ...
Pewee Valley Cemetery East (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
Pewee Valley Confederate Cemetery (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
St. James Episcopal Church Cemetery (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>
While we didn't find Blue Ridge Manor in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Blue Ridge Manor.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Blue Ridge Manor, with the one closest to Blue Ridge Manor listed first.
Anchorage (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
Lakeland (Less than 2 miles to the north)
Lakeland is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lakeland Lyndon (Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
Middletown (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
Jeffersontown (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
Goose Creek (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
Goose Creek is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goose Creek Population from the 2020 Census: 304 people
Beechwood Village (3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
Beechwood Village is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beechwood Village Population from the 2020 Census: 1,351 people
O'Bannon (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
O'Bannon is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for O'Bannon Worthington (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
Worthington is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Worthington Saint Matthews (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
Buechel (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
Buechel is located in Jefferson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Buechel Fern Creek (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
Continue List (13 more) ...
Fisherville (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
Eastwood (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
Pewee Valley (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Blue Ridge Manor. See our List of 1890's Communities around Blue Ridge Manor .
Newspapers Published in Blue Ridge Manor ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP) .
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 33 newspapers that have been published in the area around Blue Ridge Manor.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Blue Ridge Manor, there are papers which were published within 9 miles [14.5 km]<4> Extended Newspaper List for Blue Ridge Manor.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These helpful websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Blue Ridge Manor:
Websites specific to Kentucky Pages specific to Jefferson County Genealogy information for nearby counties
Anderson County Bullitt County Hardin County Henry County Lawrence County Meade County Nelson County Oldham County Shelby County Spencer County Trimble County Clark County Floyd County Harrison County Jefferson County Scott County Washington County Cemetery Information and Directories for Kentucky Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Blue Ridge Manor. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page .
The official website for State of Kentucky: https://www.kentucky.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com . We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Blue Ridge Manor, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Blue Ridge Manor) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.