Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
So far, we found very little information about Balta. The little that we've found leads us believe that the community is historic.<1>
We've added Balta to our Gazetteer with the hope that we can develop more information. If you can help us with Balta, please Contact Us.
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Balta (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Balta. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Although our information shows that the community of Balta is historic, it would have been located within present day Russell County.
To see how the shape of Kansas' counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Russell County: Barton, Ellis, Ellsworth, Lincoln, Osborne, Rooks & Rush.
Below are the counties that are near Balta. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Balta:
- Russell County (The home county of Balta)
- The following are listed by their distance from Balta, with the one closest to Balta listed first.
- Russell
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
- Gorham
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gorham have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gorham
- Gorham is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 336 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Gorham <2>
- Bunker Hill
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bunker Hill have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bunker Hill
- Bunker Hill is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 93 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bunker Hill <2>
- Milberger
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Paradise
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Paradise have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paradise
- Paradise is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 48 people
- Dorrance
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Dorrance have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dorrance
- Dorrance is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 180 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Dorrance <2>
- Waldo
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waldo
- Waldo is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 29 people
- Former name for Waldo:
- Pleasant Run
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Waldo
- From Balta to Waldo
- Luray
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- Lucas
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Barton County
- The following are listed by their distance from Balta, with the one closest to Balta listed first.
- Galatia
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Galatia have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Galatia
- Galatia is located in Barton County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 36 people
- Millard
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Millard. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millard
- Millard is located in Barton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Millard
- From Balta to Millard
- Stickney
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Stickney. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stickney
- Stickney is located in Barton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Stickney
- From Balta to Stickney
- Susank
(18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Susank have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Susank
- Susank is located in Barton County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 31 people
- Dubuque ‑ Historic
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Beaver
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Beaver have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beaver
- Beaver is located in Barton County
- Boyd ‑ Historic
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Boyd. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Boyd
- Boyd is located in Barton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Boyd
- From Balta to Boyd
- Olmitz
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
- Hitschmann
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Hitschmann. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hitschmann
- Hitschmann is located in Barton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Hitschmann
- From Balta to Hitschmann
- Hoisington
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- South Hoisington
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for South Hoisington have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Hoisington
- South Hoisington is located in Barton County
- Odin
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Redwing
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Redwing. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Redwing
- Redwing is located in Barton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Redwing
- From Balta to Redwing
- Ellis County
- The following are listed by their distance from Balta, with the one closest to Balta listed first.
- Walker
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Walker have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walker
- Walker is located in Ellis County
- Emmeram
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Victoria
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Victoria have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Victoria
- Victoria is located in Ellis County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,215 people
- Catharine
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Catharine have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Catharine
- Catharine is located in Ellis County
- Catharine has also been known as:
- Catherine
- Pfeifer
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pfeifer have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pfeifer
- Pfeifer is located in Ellis County
- Toulon
(18 miles [29 km] to the west)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Toulon. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Toulon
- Toulon is located in Ellis County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Toulon
- From Balta to Toulon
- Munjor
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Munjor have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Munjor
- Munjor is located in Ellis County
- Hays
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- Turkville
(23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Turkville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Turkville
- Turkville is located in Ellis County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Turkville
- From Balta to Turkville
- Schoenchen
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Schoenchen have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Schoenchen
- Schoenchen is located in Ellis County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 206 people
- Antonino
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Antonino have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Antonino
- Antonino is located in Ellis County
- Yocemento
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Yocemento have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yocemento
- Yocemento is located in Ellis County
- Hog Back
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Hog Back. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hog Back
- Hog Back is located in Ellis County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Hog Back
- From Balta to Hog Back
- Ellsworth County
- Wilson
(23 miles [37 km] to the east)
- Lincoln County
- Sylvan Grove
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sylvan Grove have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sylvan Grove
- Sylvan Grove is located in Lincoln County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 269 people
- Sylvan Grove has also been known as:
- Sylvan Grove Station
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sylvan Grove <2>
- Osborne County
- Natoma
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Natoma have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Natoma
- Natoma is located in Osborne County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 296 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Natoma <2>
- Rooks County
- Codell
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Rush County
- The following are listed by their distance from Balta, with the one closest to Balta listed first.
- Loretta
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Otis
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Otis have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otis
- Otis is located in Rush County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 251 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Otis <2>
- Liebenthal
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Liebenthal have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Liebenthal
- Liebenthal is located in Rush County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 91 people
- Bison
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bison have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bison
- Bison is located in Rush County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 224 people
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Balta, see our County-by-County Page for Balta.
Cemeteries Near Balta ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Balta.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Balta covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Balta, with the one closest to Balta listed first.
- St. Mary's Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Mary's Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Mary's Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Gorham Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Gorham Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Gorham Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Trinity Cemetery
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Trinity Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Trinity Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- St. Anns Cemetery
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Anns Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Anns Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Winterset Cemetery
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Winterset Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Winterset Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Bunker Hill Cemetery
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Bunker Hill Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Bunker Hill Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- St. George Cemetery
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. George Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. George Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Milberger Cemetery
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Michaels Cemetery
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Michaels Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Michaels Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Blooming Grove Cemetery
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Blooming Grove Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Blooming Grove Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Fairport Cemetery
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Fairport Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Fairport Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- St. Fidelis Cemetery
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Fidelis Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Fidelis Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Continue List (75 more) ...
- St. Boniface Cemetery
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Boniface Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Boniface Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Cross Plains Cemetery
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Cross Plains Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Cross Plains Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Sacred Heart Cemetery
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Sacred Heart Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Sacred Heart Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.
While we didn't find Balta in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Balta.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Balta, with the one closest to Balta listed first.
- Russell
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
- Homer
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Homer have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Homer
- Homer is located in Russell County
- Gorham
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gorham have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gorham
- Gorham is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 336 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Gorham <2>
- Walker
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Walker have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walker
- Walker is located in Ellis County
- Bunker Hill
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bunker Hill have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bunker Hill
- Bunker Hill is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 93 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bunker Hill <2>
- Fairport
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Fairport have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairport
- Fairport is located in Russell County
- Victoria
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Victoria have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Victoria
- Victoria is located in Ellis County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,215 people
- Paradise
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Paradise have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paradise
- Paradise is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 48 people
- Catharine
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Catharine have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Catharine
- Catharine is located in Ellis County
- Catharine has also been known as:
- Catherine
- Galatia
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Galatia have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Galatia
- Galatia is located in Barton County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 36 people
- Millard
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Millard. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millard
- Millard is located in Barton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Millard
- From Balta to Millard
- Dorrance
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Dorrance have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dorrance
- Dorrance is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 180 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Dorrance <2>
- Continue List (16 more) ...
- Waldo
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waldo
- Waldo is located in Russell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 29 people
- Former name for Waldo:
- Pleasant Run
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Waldo
- From Balta to Waldo
- Pfeifer
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pfeifer have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pfeifer
- Pfeifer is located in Ellis County
- Toulon
(18 miles [29 km] to the west)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Toulon. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<4>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Toulon
- Toulon is located in Ellis County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Toulon
- From Balta to Toulon
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Balta. See our List of 1890's Communities around Balta.
Newspapers Published in Balta ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 88 newspapers that have been published in the area around Balta.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Balta, there are papers which were published within 30 miles [48.3 km]<5>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Balta.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Balta:
- Websites specific to Kansas
- Pages specific to Russell County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Barton County
- Ellis County
- Ellsworth County
- Lincoln County
- Osborne County
- Rooks County
- Rush County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for Kansas
Off-the-Road Links ...
The official website for State of Kansas: https://portal.kansas.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Balta, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
<2> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
<3> | The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required. |
<4> | An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace. |
<5> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Balta) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Balta. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 38.8852, Longitude: -98.9102 In this case, the coordinates for Balta have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). |