Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Quandahl (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Quandahl. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Quandahl is located in Allamakee County.
To see how the shape of Iowa's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Allamakee County: Clayton, Fayette, Winneshiek, Houston (MN), Crawford (WI) & Vernon (WI).
Below are the counties that are near Quandahl. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Quandahl:
- Allamakee County (The home county of Quandahl)
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Dorchester
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Lycurgus
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Lycurgus. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lycurgus
- Lycurgus is located in Allamakee County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Lycurgus
- From Quandahl to Lycurgus
- Waukon
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- New Albin
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
- Elon
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Elon. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elon
- Elon is located in Allamakee County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Elon
- From Quandahl to Elon
- Lansing
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lansing have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lansing
- Lansing is located in Allamakee County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 933 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Lansing <1>
- Dalby
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Rossville
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Waterville
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Waterville have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waterville
- Waterville is located in Allamakee County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 142 people
- Postville
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
- Volney
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Harpers Ferry
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Ion
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Ion. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ion
- Ion is located in Allamakee County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Ion
- From Quandahl to Ion
- Clayton County
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Hardin
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Hardin. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hardin
- Hardin is located in Clayton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Hardin
- From Quandahl to Hardin
- Luana
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Luana have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Luana
- Luana is located in Clayton County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 276 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Luana <1>
- Monona
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Watson
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Watson. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Watson
- Watson is located in Clayton County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Watson
- From Quandahl to Watson
- Howard County
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Cresco
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Florenceville
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Vernon Springs
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Protivin
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
- Winneshiek County
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Highlandville
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Hesper
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
- Decorah
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Burr Oak
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
- Bluffton
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
- Frankville
(18 miles [29 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Frankville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Frankville
- Frankville is located in Winneshiek County
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Frankville
- From Quandahl to Frankville
- Ridgeway
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Kendallville
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- Ossian
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
- Calmar
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Calmar have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Calmar
- Calmar is located in Winneshiek County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 934 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Calmar <1>
- Castalia
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Castalia have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Castalia
- Castalia is located in Winneshiek County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 156 people
- Spillville
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
- Festina
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Fillmore County (MN)
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Mabel
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
- Newburg
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Canton
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Canton have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canton
- Canton is located in Fillmore County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 342 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Canton <1>
- Bratsberg
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
- Harmony
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- South Rushford
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
- Peterson
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Peterson have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peterson
- Peterson is located in Fillmore County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 198 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Peterson <1>
- Whalan
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Whalan have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whalan
- Whalan is located in Fillmore County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 66 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Whalan <1>
- Rushford Village
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rushford Village have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rushford Village
- Rushford Village is located in Fillmore County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 838 people
- Rushford
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rushford have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rushford
- Rushford is located in Fillmore County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,695 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Rushford <1>
- Lanesboro
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
- Granger
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Granger. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Granger
- Granger is located in Fillmore County (MN)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Granger
- From Quandahl to Granger
- Preston
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Houston County (MN)
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Bee
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Bee. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bee
- Bee is located in Houston County (MN)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Bee
- From Quandahl to Bee
- Spring Grove
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Spring Grove have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spring Grove
- Spring Grove is located in Houston County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,262 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Spring Grove <1>
- Wilmington
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Wilmington. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilmington
- Wilmington is located in Houston County (MN)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Wilmington
- From Quandahl to Wilmington
- Willington Grove
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- Eitzen
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Riceford
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
- Caledonia
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
- Yucatan
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Yucatan. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yucatan
- Yucatan is located in Houston County (MN)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Yucatan
- From Quandahl to Yucatan
- Reno
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- Houston
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Brownsville
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Hokah
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hokah have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hokah
- Hokah is located in Houston County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 548 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Hokah <1>
- Money Creek
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
- Crawford County (WI)
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- De Soto
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Freeman
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Freeman have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Freeman
- Freeman is located in Crawford County (WI)
- Ferryville
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Ferryville have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ferryville
- Ferryville is located in Crawford County (WI)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 173 people
- La Crosse County (WI)
- La Crosse
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Vernon County (WI)
- The following are listed by their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Genoa
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
- Stoddard
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Retreat
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
- Newton
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Newton. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newton
- Newton is located in Vernon County (WI)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Newton
- From Quandahl to Newton
- Purdy
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Purdy. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Purdy
- Purdy is located in Vernon County (WI)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Purdy
- From Quandahl to Purdy
- Chaseburg
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Quandahl, see our County-by-County Page for Quandahl.
Cemeteries Near Quandahl ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Quandahl.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Quandahl covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Quandahl Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Quandahl Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Quandahl Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Stoen Farm Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Stoen Farm Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Stoen Farm Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Swenson Farm Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Swenson Farm Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Swenson Farm Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Iowa River Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
- Waterloo Ridge Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- West Waterloo Ridge Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the West Waterloo Ridge Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the West Waterloo Ridge Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Egge Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Egge Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Egge Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Big Canoe Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Big Canoe Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Big Canoe Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Methodist Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Methodist Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Methodist Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- O'Hare Place Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the O'Hare Place Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the O'Hare Place Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- St. Marys Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
- St. Johns Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Johns Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Johns Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Continue List (319 more) ...
- St. Johns Methodist Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
- Highland Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Highland Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Highland Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Old Wilmington Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Old Wilmington Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Old Wilmington Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>
The Rand McNally Atlas shows that in 1895, Quandahl had a post office and no railroad service.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Quandahl, with the one closest to Quandahl listed first.
- Highlandville
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Bee
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Bee. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bee
- Bee is located in Houston County (MN)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Bee
- From Quandahl to Bee
- Dorchester
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Locust
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Locust have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Locust
- Locust is located in Winneshiek County
- Newhouse
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Newhouse have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newhouse
- Newhouse is located in Houston County (MN)
- Spring Grove
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Spring Grove have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spring Grove
- Spring Grove is located in Houston County (MN)
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,262 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Spring Grove <1>
- Wilmington
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Wilmington. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilmington
- Wilmington is located in Houston County (MN)
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to Wilmington
- From Quandahl to Wilmington
- Springwater
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Springwater have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Springwater
- Springwater is located in Winneshiek County
- Eitzen
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Willington Grove
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- Hesper
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
- Thoten
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Thoten have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thoten
- Thoten is located in Winneshiek County
- Continue List (15 more) ...
- Mabel
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
- Riceford
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
- Black Hammer
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Black Hammer have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Black Hammer
- Black Hammer is located in Houston County (MN)
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Quandahl. See our List of 1890's Communities around Quandahl.
Newspapers Published in Quandahl ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 89 newspapers that have been published in the area around Quandahl.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Quandahl, there are papers which were published within 30 miles [48.3 km]<6>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Quandahl.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we like to start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Quandahl:
- Websites specific to Iowa
- Pages specific to Allamakee County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Clayton County
- Howard County
- Winneshiek County
- Fillmore County
- Houston County
- Crawford County
- La Crosse County
- Vernon County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for Iowa
Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Quandahl. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.
The official website for Allamakee County: www.co.allamakee.ia.us/
The official website for State of Iowa: https://www.iowa.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
<2> | An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace. |
<3> | The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required. |
<4> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
<5> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Quandahl, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
<6> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Quandahl) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Quandahl. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 43.4507, Longitude: -91.6061 In this case, the coordinates for Quandahl have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). |