Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Parsley Bottom (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Parsley Bottom. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Parsley Bottom is located in Mingo County .
To see how the shape of West Virginia's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries .
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Mingo County : Martin (KY) , Pike (KY) , Buchanan (VA) , Lincoln , Logan , McDowell , Wayne & Wyoming .
Below are the counties that are near Parsley Bottom. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Parsley Bottom:
Mingo County (The home county of Parsley Bottom)
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Myrtle (4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
Myrtle is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Myrtle Chattaroy (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
Chattaroy is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chattaroy Dingess (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
Dingess is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dingess Delbarton (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
Kermit (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
Williamson (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
Greyeagle (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
Greyeagle is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greyeagle Sprigg (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
Sprigg is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sprigg Red Jacket (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
Red Jacket is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Red Jacket Blackberry City (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
Blackberry City is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blackberry City Matewan (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
Musick (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
Musick is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Musick Thacker (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
Thacker is located in Mingo County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thacker
Boone County
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Manila (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
Manila is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Manila Havana (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
Havana is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Havana Hewett (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
Hewett is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hewett Clothier (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
Clothier is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clothier Jeffrey (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Jeffrey is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jeffrey Ottawa (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Ottawa is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ottawa Ramage (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Ramage is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ramage Turtle Creek (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Turtle Creek is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Turtle Creek Greenview (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
Greenview is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greenview Low Gap (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
Low Gap is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Low Gap Powell Creek (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
Powell Creek is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Powell Creek Secoal (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
Secoal is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Secoal Layville (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
Layville is located in Boone County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Layville
Lincoln County
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Harts (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
Wewanta (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
Wewanta is located in Lincoln County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wewanta Spears ‑ Historic(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
Spears is located in Lincoln County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spears Kinder ‑ Historic(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
Kinder is located in Lincoln County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kinder Palermo (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
Palermo is located in Lincoln County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palermo Myra (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
Myra is located in Lincoln County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Myra
Logan County
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Holden (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
Holden is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Holden Troy Town (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
Troy Town is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Troy Town Whirlwind (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
Whirlwind is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whirlwind Hedgeview (13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
Hedgeview is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hedgeview Thompson Town (13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
Thompson Town is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thompson Town Whitman (13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
Omar (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
Wilkinson (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
Logan (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
Stirrat (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
Stirrat is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stirrat Switzer (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
Switzer is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Switzer West Logan (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
Peach Creek (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
Peach Creek is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peach Creek
McDowell County
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Wyoming City (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
Wyoming City is located in McDowell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wyoming City Panther (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
Panther is located in McDowell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Panther
Wayne County
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Stonecoal (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
Stonecoal is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stonecoal Wilsondale (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
Wilsondale is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilsondale Doane (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
Doane is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Doane Dunlow (18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
Dunlow is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dunlow Kiahsville (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
Kiahsville is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kiahsville Cove Gap (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
Cove Gap is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cove Gap Effie (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
Effie is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Effie East Lynn (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
East Lynn is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Lynn Nestlow (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
Nestlow is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nestlow Armilda (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
Armilda is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Armilda Fort Gay (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
Fort Gay is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fort Gay Population from the 2020 Census: 682 people
Mineral Springs (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
Mineral Springs is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mineral Springs Echo (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
Echo is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Echo
Wyoming County
Cub City (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
Cub City is located in Wyoming County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cub City
Floyd County (KY)
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Betsy Layne (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
Ivel (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
Stanville (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
Tram (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
Tram is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tram Harold (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
Harold is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harold Banner (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
Dwale (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
Dwale is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dwale Auxier (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
Auxier is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Auxier Prestonsburg (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
Allen (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
Allen is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Allen Population from the 2020 Census: 168 people
Allen has also been known as:
Beaver Creek Junction
Beaver Creek
Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Allen <1>
Dana (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
Dana is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dana Osborn (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
Osborn is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Osborn Watergap (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
Watergap is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Watergap
Johnson County (KY)
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Butcher Hollow (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
Butcher Hollow is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Butcher Hollow Whitehouse (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
Whitehouse is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whitehouse Meally (25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
Meally is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Meally Williamsport (25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
Williamsport is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Williamsport Lowmansville (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
Lowmansville is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lowmansville Nero (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
Nero is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nero Van Lear (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
Thelma (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
Thelma is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thelma Tutor Key (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
Tutor Key is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tutor Key East Point (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
Hagerhill (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
Hagerhill is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hagerhill Nippa (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
Nippa is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nippa West Van Lear (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
West Van Lear is located in Johnson County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Van Lear
Lawrence County (KY)
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Clifford (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
Clifford is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clifford Maynard ‑ Historic(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
Maynard is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maynard Peach Orchard (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
Peach Orchard is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peach Orchard Patrick (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
Patrick is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Patrick Ben Bow (23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
Ben Bow is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ben Bow Richardson (23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
Richardson is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Richardson Gallup ‑ Historic(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
Gallup is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gallup Ulysses ‑ Historic(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
Ulysses is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ulysses Georges Creek (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
Georges Creek is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Georges Creek Bumblebee ‑ Historic(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
Bumblebee is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bumblebee Torchlight ‑ Historic(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
Torchlight is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Torchlight Walbridge ‑ Historic(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
Walbridge is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walbridge Charley (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
Charley is located in Lawrence County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Charley
Martin County (KY)
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Lovely (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
Lovely is located in Martin County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lovely Pilgrim (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
Pilgrim is located in Martin County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pilgrim Beauty (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
Beauty is located in Martin County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beauty Warfield (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
Hode (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
Hode is located in Martin County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hode Debord (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
Inez (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
Tomahawk (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
Tomahawk is located in Martin County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tomahawk
Pike County (KY)
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
South Williamson (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
Forest Hills (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
Forest Hills is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Forest Hills Toler (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
Toler is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Toler Belfry (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
Hardy (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
Hardy is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hardy Sidney (12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
Buskirk (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
Buskirk is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Buskirk Canada (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
Huddy (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
Huddy is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huddy McCarr (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
Varney (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
Varney is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Varney Stone (14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
Stone is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stone McAndrews (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
McAndrews is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McAndrews
Buchanan County (VA)
The following are listed by their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Kelsa (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
Kelsa is located in Buchanan County (VA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kelsa Big Rock (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
Big Rock is located in Buchanan County (VA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Big Rock
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Parsley Bottom, see our County-by-County Page for Parsley Bottom .
Cemeteries Near Parsley Bottom ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Parsley Bottom.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know . If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Parsley Bottom - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Parsley Bottom covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Clark Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the west)
Collins Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the west)
Robinette Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the south)
Harden Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the north)
Clark Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the north)
Sturgell Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the north)
Ferrell Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
Meade Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
Webb Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
Mounts Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southeast)
Zornes Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Zornes Cemetery To give a relative sense of its location, the Zornes Cemetery is located less than 2 miles<3> to the west of Myrtle . Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #80395 <2>
Gap Hollow Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
Continue List (863 more) ...
Davis Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
Vernatter Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
Davis Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<4>
While we didn't find Parsley Bottom in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Parsley Bottom.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Parsley Bottom, with the one closest to Parsley Bottom listed first.
Rural (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
Rural is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rural Pilgrim (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
Pilgrim is located in Martin County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pilgrim Warfield (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
Stonecoal (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
Stonecoal is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stonecoal Canada (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
Oilville (13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
Oilville is located in Logan County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oilville Inez (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
Pinsonfork (16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)
Pinsonfork is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pinsonfork Thomas (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
Thomas is located in Floyd County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thomas Gulnare (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
Gulnare is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gulnare Dunlow (18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
Dunlow is located in Wayne County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dunlow Chapmanville (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
Continue List (13 more) ...
Fourteen ‑ Historic(19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
Fourteen is located in Lincoln County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fourteen Zebulon (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
Zebulon is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Zebulon Kimper (20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
Kimper is located in Pike County (KY) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kimper
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Parsley Bottom. See our List of 1890's Communities around Parsley Bottom .
Newspapers Published in Parsley Bottom ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP) .
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 24 newspapers that have been published in the area around Parsley Bottom.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Parsley Bottom, there are papers which were published within 15 miles [24.1 km]<3> . A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Parsley Bottom.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first visit the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Parsley Bottom:
Websites specific to West Virginia
Pages specific to Mingo County
Genealogy information for nearby counties
Boone County
Lincoln County
Logan County
McDowell County
Wayne County
Wyoming County
Floyd County
Johnson County
Lawrence County
Martin County
Pike County
Buchanan County
Cemetery Information and Directories for West Virginia
Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Parsley Bottom. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page .
The official website for State of West Virginia: https://www.wv.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com .
<3>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Parsley Bottom) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.
<4>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Parsley Bottom, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.