Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
So far, we found very little information about Manganese. The little that we've found leads us believe that the community is historic.<1>
We've added Manganese to our Gazetteer with the hope that we can develop more information. If you can help us with Manganese, please Contact Us.
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Manganese (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Manganese. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Although our information shows that the community of Manganese is historic, it would have been located within present day Wood County.
To see how the shape of West Virginia's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Wood County: Athens (OH), Meigs (OH), Washington (OH), Jackson, Pleasants, Ritchie & Wirt.
Below are the counties that are near Manganese. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Manganese:
- Wood County (The home county of Manganese)
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Eli
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Eli is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eli
- Wesley ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Wesley is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wesley
- Lubeck
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Lubeck is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lubeck
- Pleasant View
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
- Pleasant View is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant View
- Mineral Acres
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Mineral Acres is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mineral Acres
- Mineral Wells
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Blennerhassett
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
- Blennerhassett is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blennerhassett
- Washington
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
- Leachtown
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
- Leachtown is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Leachtown
- Slate
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
- Slate is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Slate
- Kanawha
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
- Kanawha is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kanawha
- Parkersburg
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
- Calhoun County
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Big Bend
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Big Bend is located in Calhoun County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Big Bend
- Freed
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Freed is located in Calhoun County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Freed
- Rocksdale
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Rocksdale is located in Calhoun County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rocksdale
- Jackson County
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Beatysville ‑ Historic
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Beatysville is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beatysville
- Browning ‑ Historic
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Browning is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Browning
- Willowdale
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Willowdale is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willowdale
- Mozelle ‑ Historic
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
- Mozelle is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mozelle
- Neptune
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
- Neptune is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Neptune
- Medina
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
- Medina is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Medina
- Skull Run
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
- Skull Run is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Skull Run
- Sherman
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
- Sherman is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sherman
- Wilding
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Wilding is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilding
- Ravenswood
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southwest)
- Odaville
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
- Odaville is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Odaville
- Garfield
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
- Garfield is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Garfield
- Mason County
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Hartford City
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Hartford City is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hartford City
- Population from the 2020 Census: 593 people
- New Haven
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Letart
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Letart is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letart
- Mason
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- Clifton
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
- Clifton is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clifton
- Sassafras
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- Sassafras is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sassafras
- West Columbia
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- West Columbia is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Columbia
- Baden
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
- Baden is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Baden
- Flatrock
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Flatrock is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flatrock
- York
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
- York is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for York
- Brighton
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Brighton is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brighton
- Leon
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Leon is located in Mason County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Leon
- Population from the 2020 Census: 145 people
- Pleasants County
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Horseneck
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Horseneck is located in Pleasants County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Horseneck
- Willow Island
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Willow Island is located in Pleasants County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willow Island
- Schultz
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Schultz is located in Pleasants County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Schultz
- Belmont
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Belmont is located in Pleasants County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belmont
- Population from the 2020 Census: 853 people
- Saint Marys
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Ritchie County
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Cisco
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Cisco is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cisco
- Petroleum
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
- Petroleum is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Petroleum
- Rusk
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
- Rusk is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rusk
- Oxbow
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
- Oxbow is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oxbow
- Cairo
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Cantwell
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Cantwell is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cantwell
- Cokeleys
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Cokeleys is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cokeleys
- Cornwallis
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Cornwallis is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cornwallis
- Smithville
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
- Smithville is located in Ritchie County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smithville
- Roane County
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Reedy
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
- Reedy is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Reedy
- Population from the 2020 Census: 159 people
- Millard
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
- Millard is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millard
- Flint Town
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
- Flint Town is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flint Town
- Spencer
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Triplett
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Triplett is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Triplett
- Zona
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Zona is located in Roane County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Zona
- Wirt County
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Windy
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Windy is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Windy
- Elizabeth
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
- Greencastle
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
- Greencastle is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greencastle
- Newark
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
- Newark is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newark
- Palestine
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- Palestine is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palestine
- Peewee
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- Peewee is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peewee
- Freeport
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
- Freeport is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Freeport
- Lucile
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
- Lucile is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lucile
- Burning Springs
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Burning Springs is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burning Springs
- Creston
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
- Creston is located in Wirt County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Creston
- Athens County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Youba
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
- Youba is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Youba
- Coolville
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
- Vanderhoof
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Vanderhoof is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vanderhoof
- Beebe
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the northwest)
- Beebe is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beebe
- Stewart
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
- Stewart is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stewart
- Guysville
(18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
- Guysville is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Guysville
- Big Run
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northwest)
- Big Run is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Big Run
- Pratts Fork
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Pratts Fork is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pratts Fork
- Carsey Town
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
- Carsey Town is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carsey Town
- Shade
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- Armadale
(23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
- Armadale is located in Athens County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Armadale
- Amesville
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
- Gallia County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Carlton
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Carlton is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carlton
- Cheshire
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Cheshire is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cheshire
- Population from the 2020 Census: 127 people
- Kyger
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
- Kyger is located in Gallia County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kyger
- Meigs County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Portland
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
- Tuppers Plains
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
- Keno
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the west)
- Keno is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Keno
- Bashan
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southwest)
- Bashan is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bashan
- Spiller
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Spiller is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spiller
- Dorcas
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
- Dorcas is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dorcas
- Racine
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
- Syracuse
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Plants
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Plants is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plants
- Welshtown
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Welshtown is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Welshtown
- Letart Falls
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Letart Falls is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letart Falls
- Pomeroy
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- Morgan County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Chesterhill
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- Joy
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Joy is located in Morgan County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Joy
- Todds
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Todds is located in Morgan County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Todds
- Wrightstown
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
- Wrightstown is located in Morgan County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wrightstown
- Stockport
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
- Washington County (OH)
- The following are listed by their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Porterfield
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the north)
- Porterfield is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Porterfield
- Redbush
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the north)
- Redbush is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Redbush
- Belpre
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
- Belpre is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belpre
- Population from the 2020 Census: 6,356 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Belpre <2>
- Rockland
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
- Rockland is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rockland
- Corner
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
- Corner is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corner
- Fillmore
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
- Fillmore is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fillmore
- Decaturville
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Decaturville is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Decaturville
- Napier
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
- Napier is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Napier
- Vincent
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Vincent is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vincent
- Barlow
(18 miles [29 km] to the north)
- Barlow is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Barlow
- Harmar
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Harmar is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harmar
- Sandhill
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Sandhill is located in Washington County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sandhill
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Manganese, see our County-by-County Page for Manganese.
Cemeteries Near Manganese ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Manganese.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Manganese - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Manganese covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Sellers Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Buckley Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
- Anderson Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the west)
- Keenan Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the north)
- Miller Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the north)
- Twomey Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Cunningham Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
- Fleak Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the west)
- Seebaugh Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the west)
- Rush Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the west)
- Congrove Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
- Hall Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
- Continue List (778 more) ...
- Robison Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Mt. Olive Church Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the southeast)
- Lott Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the southeast)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.
Manganese itself is historic and was described in the Rand McNally Atlas as having a post office and no railroad service.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Manganese, with the one closest to Manganese listed first.
- Tyner ‑ Historic
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
- Tyner is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tyner
- Jerrys Run
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- Jerrys Run is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jerrys Run
- Eli
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Eli is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eli
- Belleville
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Belleville is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belleville
- Reedsville
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Reedsville is located in Meigs County (OH)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Reedsville
- Lone Cedar
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Lone Cedar is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lone Cedar
- Topins Grove
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Topins Grove is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Topins Grove
- Lowdell
(5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
- Lowdell is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lowdell
- Polandale
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Polandale is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Polandale
- Dombey ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Dombey is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dombey
- Wesley ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Wesley is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wesley
- Willowdale
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Willowdale is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Willowdale
- Continue List (17 more) ...
- Rockport
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- Rockport is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rockport
- New England
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- New England is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New England
- Fountain Spring
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
- Fountain Spring is located in Wood County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fountain Spring
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Manganese. See our List of 1890's Communities around Manganese.
Newspapers Published in Manganese ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 49 newspapers that have been published in the area around Manganese.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Manganese, there are papers which were published within 12 miles [19.3 km]<3>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Manganese.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Manganese:
- Websites specific to West Virginia
- Pages specific to Wood County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Calhoun County
- Jackson County
- Mason County
- Pleasants County
- Ritchie County
- Roane County
- Wirt County
- Athens County
- Gallia County
- Meigs County
- Morgan County
- Washington County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for West Virginia
Footnotes ...
| <1> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Manganese, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <2> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <3> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Manganese) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |