Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Wales (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Wales. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Wales is located in Waukesha County.
To see how the shape of Wisconsin's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Waukesha County: Dodge, Jefferson, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth & Washington.
Below are the counties that are near Wales. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Wales:
- Waukesha County (The home county of Wales)
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Genesee Depot
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
- Genesee Depot is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Genesee Depot
- Genesee
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- Genesee is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Genesee
- Waterville
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Waterville is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waterville
- Delafield
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Delafield is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delafield
- Population from the 2020 Census: 7,559 people
- North Prairie
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- North Prairie is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Prairie
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,236 people
- Ottawa
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
- Ottawa is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ottawa
- Dousman
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Dousman is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dousman
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,317 people
- Pewaukee West
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Pewaukee West is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pewaukee West
- Hartland
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Hartland is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hartland
- Population from the 2020 Census: 9,338 people
- Nashotah
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Nashotah is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nashotah
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,361 people
- Summit Center
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Summit Center is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Summit Center
- Summit
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Summit is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Summit
- Population from the 2020 Census: 5,255 people
- Dodge County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Ashippun
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northwest)
- Ashippun is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashippun
- Neosho
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
- Neosho is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Neosho
- Population from the 2020 Census: 543 people
- Rubicon
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Rubicon is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rubicon
- Huilsburg
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Huilsburg is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huilsburg
- Woodland
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Woodland is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodland
- Hustisford
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
- Hustisford is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hustisford
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,060 people
- Clyman
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- Clyman is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clyman
- Population from the 2020 Census: 396 people
- Iron Ridge
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Iron Ridge is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Iron Ridge
- Population from the 2020 Census: 884 people
- Neda
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Neda is located in Dodge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Neda
- Jefferson County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Sullivan
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
- Sullivan is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sullivan
- Population from the 2020 Census: 666 people
- Lac La Belle
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Lac La Belle is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lac La Belle
- Population from the 2020 Census: 302 people
- Lake Lac La Belle
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Lake Lac La Belle is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lake Lac La Belle
- Concord
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Concord is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Concord
- Rome
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Rome is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rome
- Palmyra
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Palmyra is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palmyra
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,746 people
- Ixonia
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
- Ixonia is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ixonia
- Farmington
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
- Farmington is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Farmington
- Hebron
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
- Hebron is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hebron
- Helenville
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
- Helenville is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Helenville
- Johnson Creek
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
- Johnson Creek is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Johnson Creek
- Population from the 2020 Census: 3,065 people
- Cold Spring
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
- Cold Spring is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cold Spring
- Kenosha County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Brighton
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Brighton is located in Kenosha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brighton
- Slades Corners
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Slades Corners is located in Kenosha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Slades Corners
- Paris
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Paris is located in Kenosha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paris
- Milwaukee County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Hales Corners
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
- Hales Corners is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hales Corners
- Population from the 2020 Census: 7,553 people
- Saint Martins
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
- Saint Martins is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint Martins
- Wauwatosa
(18 miles [29 km] to the east)
- Wauwatosa is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wauwatosa
- Population from the 2020 Census: 48,084 people
- West Allis
(18 miles [29 km] to the east)
- West Allis is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Allis
- Population from the 2020 Census: 59,748 people
- Greendale
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
- Greendale is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greendale
- Population from the 2020 Census: 14,127 people
- Greenfield
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
- Greenfield is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greenfield
- Population from the 2020 Census: 37,183 people
- West Granville
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- West Granville is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Granville
- Union Church
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
- Union Church is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Union Church
- West Milwaukee
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- West Milwaukee is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Milwaukee
- Population from the 2020 Census: 4,090 people
- Franklin
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Franklin is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Franklin
- Population from the 2020 Census: 35,925 people
- Milwaukee
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Milwaukee is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Milwaukee
- Population from the 2020 Census: 589,067 people
- Brown Deer
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Brown Deer is located in Milwaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brown Deer
- Population from the 2020 Census: 12,191 people
- Ozaukee County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Freistadt
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Freistadt is located in Ozaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Freistadt
- Mequon
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Mequon is located in Ozaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mequon
- Population from the 2020 Census: 24,765 people
- Thiensville
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- Thiensville is located in Ozaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thiensville
- Population from the 2020 Census: 3,116 people
- Cedarburg
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Cedarburg is located in Ozaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cedarburg
- Population from the 2020 Census: 11,783 people
- Horns Corners
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
- Horns Corners is located in Ozaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Horns Corners
- Grafton
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Grafton is located in Ozaukee County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grafton
- Population from the 2020 Census: 11,758 people
- Racine County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Caldwell
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
- Caldwell is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Caldwell
- Wind Lake
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Wind Lake is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wind Lake
- Honey Creek
(18 miles [29 km] to the south)
- Honey Creek is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Honey Creek
- Waterford
(18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
- Waterford is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waterford
- Population from the 2020 Census: 5,618 people
- Rochester
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
- Rochester is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rochester
- Population from the 2020 Census: 3,880 people
- Browns Lake
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
- Browns Lake is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Browns Lake
- Kneeland
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
- Kneeland is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kneeland
- Burlington
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Burlington is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burlington
- Population from the 2020 Census: 10,898 people
- Raymond
(23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
- Raymond is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Raymond
- Eagle Lake
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
- Eagle Lake is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eagle Lake
- Yorkville
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Yorkville is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yorkville
- Bohners Lake
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- Bohners Lake is located in Racine County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bohners Lake
- Rock County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Lima Center
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Lima Center is located in Rock County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lima Center
- Johnstown
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Johnstown is located in Rock County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Johnstown
- Walworth County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Lake Beulah
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Lake Beulah is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lake Beulah
- Potter Lake
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Potter Lake is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Potter Lake
- Troy Center
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
- Troy Center is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Troy Center
- Little Prairie
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
- Little Prairie is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Little Prairie
- East Troy
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- East Troy is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Troy
- Population from the 2020 Census: 4,307 people
- Adams
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
- Adams is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Adams
- La Grange
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- La Grange is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for La Grange
- Lauderdale
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Lauderdale is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lauderdale
- Bowers
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
- Bowers is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bowers
- Spring Prairie
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
- Spring Prairie is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spring Prairie
- Heart Prairie
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Heart Prairie is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Heart Prairie
- Whitewater
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Whitewater is located in Walworth County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whitewater
- Population from the 2020 Census: 14,993 people
- Washington County
- The following are listed by their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Lake Five
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
- Lake Five is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lake Five
- Thompson
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Thompson is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thompson
- Richfield
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- Richfield is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Richfield
- Estimated population in 2015: 11,530 people
- Germantown
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
- Germantown is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Germantown
- Population from the 2020 Census: 20,057 people
- Hartford
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Hartford is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hartford
- Population from the 2020 Census: 15,675 people
- Rugby Junction
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Rugby Junction is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rugby Junction
- Rockfield
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
- Rockfield is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rockfield
- Slinger
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Slinger is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Slinger
- Population from the 2020 Census: 5,704 people
- Cedar Creek
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
- Cedar Creek is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cedar Creek
- Cedar Lake
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
- Cedar Lake is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cedar Lake
- Jackson
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Jackson is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jackson
- Population from the 2020 Census: 7,256 people
- Saint Lawrence
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
- Saint Lawrence is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint Lawrence
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Wales, see our County-by-County Page for Wales.
Cemeteries Near Wales ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Wales.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Wales - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Wales covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Salem Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
- Jerusalem Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
- St. Pauls Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Tabernacle Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
- Genesee Village Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- Ottawa Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- St. John Chrysostom Episcopalian Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Oak Knoll Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- North Prairie Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Nashotah House Episcopalian Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Summit Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Prairie Home Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
- Continue List (299 more) ...
- Hartland Lutheran Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Highland Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- St. Brunos Catholic Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<1>
The Rand McNally Atlas shows that in 1895, Wales had a post office and railroad service. In 2020, Wales had a population of 2,651 people.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Wales, with the one closest to Wales listed first.
- Genesee Depot
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
- Genesee Depot is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Genesee Depot
- Genesee
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- Genesee is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Genesee
- Waterville
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Waterville is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waterville
- Ottawa
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
- Ottawa is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ottawa
- North Prairie
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- North Prairie is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Prairie
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,236 people
- Dousman
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Dousman is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dousman
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,317 people
- Delafield
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Delafield is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delafield
- Population from the 2020 Census: 7,559 people
- Pewaukee
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Pewaukee is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pewaukee
- Nashotah
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Nashotah is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nashotah
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,361 people
- Hartland
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Hartland is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hartland
- Population from the 2020 Census: 9,338 people
- Summit Center
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Summit Center is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Summit Center
- Waukesha
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
- Waukesha is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waukesha
- Population from the 2020 Census: 72,376 people
- Continue List (17 more) ...
- Okauchee
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- Okauchee is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Okauchee
- Eagle
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
- Eagle is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eagle
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,193 people
- Mukwonago
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Mukwonago is located in Waukesha County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mukwonago
- Population from the 2020 Census: 8,107 people
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Wales. See our List of 1890's Communities around Wales.
Newspapers Published in Wales ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 260 newspapers that have been published in the area around Wales.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Wales, there are papers which were published within 22 miles [35.4 km]<2>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Wales.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first visit the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Wales:
- Websites specific to Wisconsin
- Pages specific to Waukesha County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Dodge County
- Jefferson County
- Kenosha County
- Milwaukee County
- Ozaukee County
- Racine County
- Rock County
- Walworth County
- Washington County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for Wisconsin
Footnotes ...
| <1> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Wales, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <2> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Wales) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |