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Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Mastins Corner (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Mastins Corner. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Name Variations for Mastins Corner ...

When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.

Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might occur.

  • A typical abbreviation for Mastins Corner: Mastins Cor. (or less commonly used: Mastins Crn.)
  • While the name of this community is Mastins Corner, be aware that it's the common practice of mapmakers to remove the apostrophe from possessive names<1>. So Mastins Corner may originally have been Mastin's Corner.

    Sometimes the trailing 's' might be dropped altogether, in which case Mastins Corner might be written as Mastin Corner.

If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Mastins Corner is located in Spotsylvania County.

To see how the shape of Virginia's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Spotsylvania County: Caroline, Culpeper, Hanover, Louisa, Orange & Stafford.

Below are the counties that are near Mastins Corner. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Mastins Corner:

  • Spotsylvania County     (The home county of Mastins Corner)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Logan
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
      • Logan is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Logan
    • Margo
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Margo is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Margo
    • McHenry
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
      • McHenry is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McHenry
    • Paytes
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Paytes is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paytes
    • Parker
      (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
      • Parker is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parker
    • Belmont
      (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
      • Belmont is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belmont
    • Childs Cove
      (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
      • Childs Cove is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Childs Cove
    • Post Oak
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
      • Post Oak is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Post Oak
    • Holladay
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Holladay is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Holladay
    • Brockroad
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Brockroad is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brockroad
    • Todds Tavern
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Todds Tavern is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Todds Tavern
    • Glenora
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
      • Glenora is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Glenora
    • Lewiston
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
      • Lewiston is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lewiston
  • Albemarle County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Cobham
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
      • Cobham is located in Albemarle County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cobham
    • Burnley
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
      • Burnley is located in Albemarle County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burnley
  • Caroline County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Olney Corner
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
      • Olney Corner is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Olney Corner
    • Ruther Glen
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
    • Bowling Green
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
    • Moss Neck
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • Moss Neck is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Moss Neck
    • New London
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • New London is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New London
    • Stuart Corner
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
      • Stuart Corner is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stuart Corner
    • DeJarnette
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
      • DeJarnette is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for DeJarnette
    • Penola
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Penola is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Penola
    • Samuels Corner
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
      • Samuels Corner is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Samuels Corner
    • Burruss Corner
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Burruss Corner is located in Caroline County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burruss Corner
  • Culpeper County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Lignum
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
      • Lignum is located in Culpeper County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lignum
    • Kellys Ford
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
      • Kellys Ford is located in Culpeper County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kellys Ford
    • Elkwood
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
    • Culpeper
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Waylands Mill
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
      • Waylands Mill is located in Culpeper County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waylands Mill
    • Norman
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Norman is located in Culpeper County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Norman
    • Griffinsburg
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Griffinsburg is located in Culpeper County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Griffinsburg
    • Salem
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Salem is located in Culpeper County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Salem
    • Rixeyville
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Rixeyville is located in Culpeper County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rixeyville
  • Fauquier County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Remington
      (23 miles [37 km] to the north)
    • Blackwell Town
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
      • Blackwell Town is located in Fauquier County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blackwell Town
    • Bealeton
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
    • Midland
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
    • Brent Town
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
      • Brent Town is located in Fauquier County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brent Town
    • Opal
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
      • Opal is located in Fauquier County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Opal
  • Fluvanna County
    • Kents Store
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
      • Kents Store is located in Fluvanna County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kents Store
  • Fredericksburg City
    • Fredericksburg
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
  • Goochland County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Hadensville
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
    • Tabscott
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
      • Tabscott is located in Goochland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tabscott
  • Greene County
    • Dawsonville
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
      • Dawsonville is located in Greene County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dawsonville
  • Hanover County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Tylers
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)
      • Tylers is located in Hanover County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tylers
    • Beaverdam
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
    • Hewlett
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Hewlett is located in Hanover County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hewlett
    • Montpelier
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
    • Verdon
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Verdon is located in Hanover County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Verdon
    • Doswell
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
    • Goodall
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
      • Goodall is located in Hanover County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goodall
    • Vontay
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
      • Vontay is located in Hanover County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vontay
    • Taylorsville
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Taylorsville is located in Hanover County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Taylorsville
  • King George County
    • Fairview Beach
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
      • Fairview Beach is located in King George County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairview Beach
  • Louisa County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Harris ‑ Historic
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
      • Harris is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harris
    • Mineral
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
    • Bumpass
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
      • Bumpass is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bumpass
      • Bumpass has also been known as:
      • Bumpas
      • Bumpass Junction
      • Bumpass Station
      • Bumpass Turnout
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bumpass <2>
    • Pendleton
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
      • Pendleton is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pendleton
    • Louisa
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Cuckoo
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
      • Cuckoo is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cuckoo
    • Trevilians
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
      • Trevilians is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Trevilians
    • Green Springs
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • Green Springs is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green Springs
    • Vigor
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
      • Vigor is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vigor
    • Meltons
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
      • Meltons is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Meltons
    • Jackson
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
      • Jackson is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jackson
    • Gays ‑ Historic
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
      • Gays is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gays
    • Bells Crossroads
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Bells Crossroads is located in Louisa County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bells Crossroads
  • Madison County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Madison Mills
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
      • Madison Mills is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Madison Mills
    • Burnt Tree
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • Burnt Tree is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burnt Tree
    • Radiant
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
      • Radiant is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Radiant
    • Aroda
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • Aroda is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Aroda
    • Tryme
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Tryme is located in Madison County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tryme
    • Madison
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
  • Orange County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Danton
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
      • Danton is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Danton
    • Locust Grove
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
    • Vulcan
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
      • Vulcan is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vulcan
    • Wilderness
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
      • Wilderness is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilderness
    • Rhoadesville
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
    • Burr Hill
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Burr Hill is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burr Hill
    • Indian Town
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
      • Indian Town is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Indian Town
    • Grassland
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Grassland is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grassland
    • True Blue
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
      • True Blue is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for True Blue
    • Orange
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
    • Madison Run
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • Madison Run is located in Orange County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Madison Run
    • Gordonsville
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
    • Montpelier Station
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
  • Stafford County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.
    • Stafford Lakes Village
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Berea
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
      • Berea is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Berea
    • Hartwood
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
    • Storck
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
      • Storck is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Storck
    • Hampstead Village
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
      • Hampstead Village is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hampstead Village
    • Chatham Village
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Chatham Village is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chatham Village
    • Falmouth
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
    • Falmouth Village
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Falmouth Village is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Falmouth Village
    • Grafton Village
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Grafton Village is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grafton Village
    • Hartwood Village
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Hartwood Village is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hartwood Village
    • Little Falls Village
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Little Falls Village is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Little Falls Village
    • Northridge
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Northridge is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Northridge
    • Cropp
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Cropp is located in Stafford County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cropp

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Mastins Corner, see our County-by-County Page for Mastins Corner.

Cemeteries Near Mastins Corner ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Mastins Corner.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Mastins Corner - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Mastins Corner covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.

  • Olivet Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
  • True Light Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
  • Little Mine Road Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
  • Mine Road Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
  • Shady Grove Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
  • Craigs Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
  • Branch Fork Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Hebron Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
  • Pentecostal Evangelical Church Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
  • Mt. Hermon Cemetery
    (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
  • Bethel Cemetery
    (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
  • Goodhope Cemetery
    (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
  • Continue List   (179 more) ...
    • New Hope Cemetery
      (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
    • Grace Cemetery
      (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
    • Orange Grove Cemetery
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<4>

While we didn't find Mastins Corner in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Mastins Corner.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Mastins Corner, with the one closest to Mastins Corner listed first.

  • Stubbs
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
    • Stubbs is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stubbs
  • Granite Springs
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
    • Granite Springs is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Granite Springs
  • Belmont
    (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
    • Belmont is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belmont
  • Parker
    (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
    • Parker is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parker
  • Mine Run
    (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
    • Mine Run is located in Orange County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mine Run
  • Holladay
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Holladay is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Holladay
  • Post Oak
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
    • Post Oak is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Post Oak
  • Tatum
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
    • Tatum is located in Orange County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tatum
  • Glenora
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
    • Glenora is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Glenora
  • Brockroad
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
    • Brockroad is located in Spotsylvania County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brockroad
  • Danton
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
    • Danton is located in Orange County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Danton
  • Locust Grove
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
  • Continue List   (14 more) ...
    • Lewiston
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
      • Lewiston is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lewiston
    • Mount Pleasant
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Mount Pleasant is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Pleasant
    • Screamerville ‑ Historic
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
      • Screamerville is located in Spotsylvania County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Screamerville

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Mastins Corner. See our List of 1890's Communities around Mastins Corner.

Newspapers Published in Mastins Corner ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 11 newspapers that have been published in the area around Mastins Corner.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Mastins Corner, there are papers which were published within 16 miles [25.7 km]<5>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Mastins Corner.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we like to start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These helpful websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Mastins Corner:

Footnotes ...

<1>It's generally believed that possessive apostrophes are removed to prevent confusion on maps where the apostrophe may be confused with a cartographic symbol. While this is generally true, it's not uncommon to find possessive apostrophes in administrative names (such as towns or counties).
<2>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<3>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<4>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Mastins Corner, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<5>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Mastins Corner) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.