Extended Newspaper List

Introduction ...

Below are 79 newspapers that have been published within 23 miles [37 km]<1> of Toco. The list has been sorted by paper name.

Blossom Booster (from 1951)
- Published in Blossom [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1951 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Blossom Booster
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083872
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18178381
Cheek (from 1886)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1886, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Cheek
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083863
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18175498
Cheek (from 1886)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1886, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Cheek
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083863
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18175498
Cooper Review (from 190?)
- Published in Cooper [Delta County]
- Years of publication: 190? to current
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Cooper Review
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088665
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14148322
Daily Advocate (from 18??)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 18?? to 1896
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Daily Advocate
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083865
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18175786
Delta County Banner (from 1884)
- Published in Cooper [Delta County]
- The first year of publication was in 1884, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Delta County Banner
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088669
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14148363
Echo (from 1945)
- Published in Camp Maxey [Lamar County] - now historic
- Years of publication: 1945 to 1946
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Echo
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88080903
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15482674
Good Things (from 188?)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 188?, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Good Things
- Holdings for: LCCN SN93068213
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27418023
Greenback Advocate (from 1879)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1879, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Greenback Advocate
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083871
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18178284
Honey Grove Signal-Citizen (from 1929)
- Published in Honey Grove [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1929 to current
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Honey Grove Signal-Citizen
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090705
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15069844
Honey Grove Signal (from 1891)
- Published in Honey Grove [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1891 to 1929
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Honey Grove Signal
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090706
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15069798
Honey-Grove Enterprise (from 1870)
- Published in Honey Grove [Fannin County]
- The first year of publication was in 1870, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Honey-Grove Enterprise
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088917
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14201650
Journal Of Civilization (from 1868)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1868, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Journal Of Civilization
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083885
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18183142
Lamar County Echo (from 1922)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1922 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Lamar County Echo
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089856
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575861
Monthly Visitor (from 1899)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1899 to ????
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Monthly Visitor
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083882
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18181530
North Texas Farmer (from 1887)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1887 to ????
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the North Texas Farmer
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089884
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575787
Paris Daily Press (from 1873)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1873 to 1876
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Paris Daily Press
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86071238
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13340369
Paris Daily Tribune (from 1896)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1896, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Paris Daily Tribune
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083877
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18180955
Paris Sunday Tribune (from 1896)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1896, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Paris Sunday Tribune
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089861
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575808
People's Paper (from 1892)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1892, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the People's Paper
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089926
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14708696
Red River Valley Ruralist (from 19??)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Published during 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Red River Valley Ruralist
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083873
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18178440
Texas Vindicator (from 1867)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1867 to 1871
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Texas Vindicator
- Holdings for: LCCN SN84022304
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10354207
Texas-Horchpost (from 1945)
- Published in Camp Maxey [Lamar County] - now historic
- Years of publication: 1945 to 194?
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Texas-Horchpost
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88080918
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15482960
The Advocate (from 1861)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1861, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Advocate
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088697
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14157375
The Blossom Bee (from 1898)
- Published in Blossom [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1898 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Blossom Bee
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089920
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14562155
The Blossom Monitor (from 1894)
- Published in Blossom [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1894, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Blossom Monitor
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089919
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14562196
The Blossom Times (from 1976)
- Published in Blossom [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1976 to current
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Blossom Times
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083553
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17975233
The Commercial Appeal (from 1932)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1932 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Commercial Appeal
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083864
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18175589
The Cooper Weekly Review
- Published in Cooper [Delta County]
- The first year of publication is unknown, with the last issue in 190?
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Cooper Weekly Review
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083551
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17975072
The Daily Balance Wheel (from 1885)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1885, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Daily Balance Wheel
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083867
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18176019
The Daily Dinner Horn (from 1916)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1916 to 192?
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Daily Dinner Horn
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88084244
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18481484
The Daily Herald (from 1891)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1891 to 1892
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Daily Herald
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089857
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575849
The Delta County Record (from 187?)
- Published in Cooper [Delta County]
- Years of publication: 187? to 18??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Delta County Record
- Holdings for: LCCN SN83021355
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10153156
The Delta Courier
- Published in Cooper [Delta County]
- The first year of publication is unknown, with the last issue in 1942
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Delta Courier
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083550
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17974948
The Deport Times (from 1909)
- Published in Deport [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1909 to current
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Deport Times
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088727
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14175398
The Detroit News-Herald
- Published in Detroit [Red River County]
- The first year of publication is unknown, with the last issue in 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Detroit News-Herald
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083880
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18181304
The Dinner Horn (from 192?)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 192? to 1933
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Dinner Horn
- Holdings for: LCCN SN94059103
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 29648098
The Dinner Horn (from 189?)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 189? to 1916
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Dinner Horn
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088877
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14206256
The Enloe Enterprise (from 1889)
- Published in Enloe [Delta County]
- Years of publication: 1889 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Enloe Enterprise
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088903
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14201372
The Free Press
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The years of publication are unknown
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Free Press
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083549
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17974869
The Harmon News (from 1902)
- Published in Harmon [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1902 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Harmon News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090549
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14995115
The Honey Grove Citizen (from 1916)
- Published in Honey Grove [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1916 to 1929
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Honey Grove Citizen
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090707
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15069750
The Ladonia Enterprise (from 1871)
- Published in Ladonia [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1871 to 18??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Ladonia Enterprise
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089618
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14353866
The Ladonia News (from 1910)
- Published in Ladonia [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1910 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Ladonia News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089613
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14353897
The Ladonia News (from 1883)
- Published in Ladonia [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1883 to 1908
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Ladonia News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089615
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14353876
The Lamar County Leader (from 1929)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1929 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Lamar County Leader
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083888
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18183482
The Lamar Enquirer (from 1856)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1856 to ????
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Lamar Enquirer
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089855
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575874
The Lamar Weekly Banner (from 1880)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1880 to ????
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Lamar Weekly Banner
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090417
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14954321
The Mirror (from 1950)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1950 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Mirror
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083868
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18176100
The Noble News (from 1889)
- Published in Noble [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1889, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Noble News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090015
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14767646
The Noble Nimrod (from 1886)
- Published in Noble [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1886, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Noble Nimrod
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088963
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14262787
The North Texan (from 1868)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1868 to 18??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The North Texan
- Holdings for: LCCN SN84022302
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10354159
The Paris Daily Advocate (from 1896)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1896 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Daily Advocate
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083526
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17967980
The Paris Daily Herald (from 1892)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1892, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Daily Herald
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089858
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575842
The Paris Daily News And North Texan (from 1887)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1887 to 1888
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Daily News And North Texan
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090017
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14771466
The Paris Daily News (from 1888)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1888 to 189?
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Daily News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088879
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14206176
The Paris Evening News (and The Dinner Horn) (from 1933)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1933 to 1937
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Evening News (and The Dinner Horn)
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090132
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14768847
The Paris Evening Times (from 1925)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1925 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Evening Times
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083878
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18181021
The Paris Free-Tongue (from 1884)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1884, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Free-Tongue
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083884
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18183008
The Paris Morning News (and The Dinner Horn) (from 1933)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1933 to 1937
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Morning News (and The Dinner Horn)
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090133
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14768814
The Paris Morning News (from 189?)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 189? to 1933
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Morning News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090128
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14768760
The Paris Morning Times (from 1889)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1889, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Morning Times
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083875
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18180870
The Paris News (and The Dinner Horn) (from 1937)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1937 to 1944
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris News (and The Dinner Horn)
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090329
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14868229
The Paris News-boy (from 1883)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1883, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris News-boy
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088848
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14201756
The Paris News (from 1944)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1944 to current
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN84002146
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11487318
The Paris North Texan (from 18??)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 18?? to 1887
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris North Texan
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088853
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14206133
The Paris Press (from 1859)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1859 to 1884
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Press
- Holdings for: LCCN SN84022303
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10354180
The Paris Weekly News
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication is unknown, with the last issue in 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Paris Weekly News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083527
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17968050
The People's Cause And North Texas Review (from 1892)
- Published in Cooper [Delta County]
- The first year of publication was in 1892, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The People's Cause And North Texas Review
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86088657
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14148279
The Rising Star (from 1903)
- Published in Ben Franklin [Delta County]
- Years of publication: 1903 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Rising Star
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083881
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18181379
The Roxton News (from 18??)
- Published in Roxton [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 18?? to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Roxton News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083870
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18178222
The Semi-Weekly Texas Citizen (from 1874)
- Published in Honey Grove [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1874 to 1889
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Semi-Weekly Texas Citizen
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089350
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14292570
The Texas Herald (from 1896)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1896 to ????
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Texas Herald
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089859
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575830
The Texas Triangle (from 1898)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1898 to ????
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Texas Triangle
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089860
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14575819
The Texas Tribune (from 1881)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- The first year of publication was in 1881, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Texas Tribune
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083876
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18180918
The Weekly News (from 18??)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Published during 18??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Weekly News
- Holdings for: LCCN SN88083874
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18178493
The Weekly Texas Citizen (from 18??)
- Published in Honey Grove [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 18?? to 1915
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Weekly Texas Citizen
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090702
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15069686
The Western Star (from 1848)
- Published in Paris [Lamar County]
- Years of publication: 1848 to ????
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Western Star
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86071255
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13348350
The Windom Herald (from 1913)
- Published in Windom [Fannin County]
- Years of publication: 1913 to 19??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Windom Herald
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86090384
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14950473
Weekly Texas Citizen (from 1889)
- Published in Honey Grove [Fannin County]
- The first year of publication was in 1889, with an unknown end date
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Weekly Texas Citizen
- Holdings for: LCCN SN86089405
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14292550

Footnotes ...

<1>

Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Toco) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Toco. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 33.6539, Longitude: -95.6492 In this case, the coordinates for Toco have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).