Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Estellville (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Estellville. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Name Variations for Estellville ...
When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.
Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might have occurred.
Another variation: Estelville.
If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Estellville is located in Atlantic County.
To see how the shape of New Jersey's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Atlantic County: Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester & Ocean.
Below are the counties that are near Estellville. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Estellville:
- Atlantic County (The home county of Estellville)
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Clarkstown
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clarkstown
- Clarkstown is located in Atlantic County
- Estell Manor
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Estell Manor have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Estell Manor
- Estell Manor is located in Atlantic County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,738 people
- Mays Landing
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mays Landing
- Mays Landing is located in Atlantic County
- Dorothy
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dorothy
- Dorothy is located in Atlantic County
- McKee City
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for McKee City have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McKee City
- McKee City is located in Atlantic County
- Milmay
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Milmay
- Milmay is located in Atlantic County
- Corbin City
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corbin City
- Corbin City is located in Atlantic County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 488 people
- Warners Mill
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Warners Mill have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Warners Mill
- Warners Mill is located in Atlantic County
- Mizpah
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mizpah
- Mizpah is located in Atlantic County
- Weymouth
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Weymouth
- Weymouth is located in Atlantic County
- Gigantic City
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gigantic City have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gigantic City
- Gigantic City is located in Atlantic County
- Bargaintown
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bargaintown
- Bargaintown is located in Atlantic County
- Burlington County
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Batsto Village ‑ Historic
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Batsto Village
- Batsto Village is located in Burlington County
- Batsto Village has also been known as:
- Batsto
- Green Bank
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Green Bank have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green Bank
- Green Bank is located in Burlington County
- New Gretna
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Gretna
- New Gretna is located in Burlington County
- Wading River
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wading River
- Wading River is located in Burlington County
- Washington
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Washington have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Washington
- Washington is located in Burlington County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 6,459 people
- Atsion
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Atsion
- Atsion is located in Burlington County
- Speedwell
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Speedwell
- Speedwell is located in Burlington County
- Camden County
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Ancora
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ancora
- Ancora is located in Camden County
- Waterford Works
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waterford Works
- Waterford Works is located in Camden County
- Waterford Works has also been known as:
- Waterford
- Sicklerville
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sicklerville
- Sicklerville is located in Camden County
- Atco
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Atco
- Atco is located in Camden County
- Tansboro
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Tansboro have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tansboro
- Tansboro is located in Camden County
- Albion
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Albion have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Albion
- Albion is located in Camden County
- Cape May County
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Tuckahoe
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tuckahoe
- Tuckahoe is located in Cape May County
- Steelmantown
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Steelmantown
- Steelmantown is located in Cape May County
- Belleplain
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belleplain
- Belleplain is located in Cape May County
- Ocean City
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Ocean City have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ocean City
- Ocean City is located in Cape May County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 10,902 people
- Mount Pleasant
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mount Pleasant have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Pleasant
- Mount Pleasant is located in Cape May County
- Dennisville
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Dennisville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dennisville
- Dennisville is located in Cape May County
- Strathmere
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Strathmere
- Strathmere is located in Cape May County
- Ocean View
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ocean View
- Ocean View is located in Cape May County
- Eldora
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eldora
- Eldora is located in Cape May County
- Clermont
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clermont
- Clermont is located in Cape May County
- Sea Isle City
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sea Isle City
- Sea Isle City is located in Cape May County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,019 people
- Goshen
(18 miles [29 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Goshen have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goshen
- Goshen is located in Cape May County
- Cumberland County
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Cumberland
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cumberland
- Cumberland is located in Cumberland County
- Hesstown
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hesstown
- Hesstown is located in Cumberland County
- Port Elizabeth
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Port Elizabeth
- Port Elizabeth is located in Cumberland County
- Dorchester
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dorchester
- Dorchester is located in Cumberland County
- Vineland
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Vineland have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vineland
- Vineland is located in Cumberland County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 58,615 people
- Mauricetown
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mauricetown
- Mauricetown is located in Cumberland County
- Laurel Lake
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Laurel Lake have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Laurel Lake
- Laurel Lake is located in Cumberland County
- South Vineland
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Vineland
- South Vineland is located in Cumberland County
- Delmont
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delmont
- Delmont is located in Cumberland County
- Haleyville
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Haleyville
- Haleyville is located in Cumberland County
- Millville
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Millville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millville
- Millville is located in Cumberland County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 27,025 people
- Bivalve
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bivalve have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bivalve
- Bivalve is located in Cumberland County
- Gloucester County
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Victory Lakes
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Victory Lakes have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Victory Lakes
- Victory Lakes is located in Gloucester County
- Star Cross
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Star Cross
- Star Cross is located in Gloucester County
- Williamstown
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Williamstown have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Williamstown
- Williamstown is located in Gloucester County
- Ferrell
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Ferrell have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ferrell
- Ferrell is located in Gloucester County
- Turnersville
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Turnersville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Turnersville
- Turnersville is located in Gloucester County
- Ocean County
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Mystic Island
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mystic Island
- Mystic Island is located in Ocean County
- Parkertown
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parkertown
- Parkertown is located in Ocean County
- West Creek
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Creek
- West Creek is located in Ocean County
- North Beach Haven
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Beach Haven
- North Beach Haven is located in Ocean County
- Salem County
- The following are listed by their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Norma
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Norma
- Norma is located in Salem County
- Alliance
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Alliance have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alliance
- Alliance is located in Salem County
- Olivet
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Olivet have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Olivet
- Olivet is located in Salem County
- Whig Lane
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Whig Lane have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whig Lane
- Whig Lane is located in Salem County
- Friesburg
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Friesburg
- Friesburg is located in Salem County
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Estellville, see our County-by-County Page for Estellville.
Newspapers Published in Estellville ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 50 newspapers that have been published in the area around Estellville.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Estellville, there are papers which were published within 17 miles [27.4 km]<2>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Estellville.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first visit the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Estellville:
- Websites specific to New Jersey
- Pages specific to Atlantic County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Burlington County
- Camden County
- Cape May County
- Cumberland County
- Gloucester County
- Ocean County
- Salem County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for New Jersey
Cemeteries Near Estellville ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Estellville.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Estellville covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Atlantic County Veterans Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Steelmans Creek Burial Ground
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Union Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Union Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Union Cemetery
- Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Lincoln Memorial Park
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Lincoln Memorial Park have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Lincoln Memorial Park
- St. Bernard Clairvaux RC Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Bethlehem Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Palestine Bible Protestant Church Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
- Head of the River Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
- To give a relative sense of its location, the Head of the River Cemetery is a large cemetery that is located 3 miles [4.8 km]<2> to the east of Corbin City.
- The Head of the River Cemetery has also been known as:
- Aetna Cemetery
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Head of the River Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #1105371 <3>
- Tuckahoe UMC Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Zion Cemetery
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
- Zion UMC Cemetery
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
- Continue List (71 more) ...
- Somers Family Cemetery
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Colonel Richard Somers Family Cemetery
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Steelman Family Burial Ground
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<4>
The Rand McNally Atlas shows that Estellville had a population of 90 people in 1895 with a post office and no railroad service.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Estellville, with the one closest to Estellville listed first.
- Mays Landing
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mays Landing
- Mays Landing is located in Atlantic County
- English Creek
(5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for English Creek have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for English Creek
- English Creek is located in Atlantic County
- Scullville
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Scullville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Scullville
- Scullville is located in Atlantic County
- McKee City
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for McKee City have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McKee City
- McKee City is located in Atlantic County
- Doughty
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Doughty have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Doughty
- Doughty is located in Atlantic County
- Tuckahoe
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tuckahoe
- Tuckahoe is located in Cape May County
- Weymouth
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Weymouth
- Weymouth is located in Atlantic County
- Petersburg
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Petersburg have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Petersburg
- Petersburg is located in Cape May County
- Somers Point
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Somers Point have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Somers Point
- Somers Point is located in Atlantic County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 10,153 people
- Steelmanville
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Steelmanville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Steelmanville
- Steelmanville is located in Atlantic County
- Bargaintown
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bargaintown
- Bargaintown is located in Atlantic County
- Richland
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Richland have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Richland
- Richland is located in Atlantic County
- Continue List (15 more) ...
- Marmora
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Marmora have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marmora
- Marmora is located in Cape May County
- Beesleys Point
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Beesleys Point have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beesleys Point
- Beesleys Point is located in Cape May County
- Linwood
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Linwood have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Linwood
- Linwood is located in Atlantic County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 6,635 people
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Estellville. See our List of 1890's Communities around Estellville.
Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Estellville. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.
The official website for Atlantic County: www.aclink.org/
The official website for State of New Jersey: https://www.nj.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> | The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required. |
<2> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Estellville) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Estellville. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 39.3959, Longitude: -74.7471 |
<3> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
<4> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Estellville, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |