Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Mariposa (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Mariposa. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Mariposa is located in Lincoln County.
To see how the shape of North Carolina's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Lincoln County: Burke, Catawba, Cleveland, Gaston, Iredell & Mecklenburg.
Below are the counties that are near Mariposa. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Mariposa:
- Lincoln County (The home county of Mariposa)
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Lowesville
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
- Lowesville is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lowesville
- Machpelah
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Machpelah is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Machpelah
- Triangle ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Triangle is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Triangle
- Iron Station
(5 miles [8 km] to the west)
- Iron Station is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Iron Station
- Westport
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
- Westport is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westport
- Denver
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- Boger City
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)
- Boger City is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Boger City
- Lincolnton
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the west)
- Crouse
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
- Crouse is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crouse
- Vale
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
- Henry
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
- Henry is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Henry
- Hulls Crossroads
(23 miles [37 km] to the west)
- Hulls Crossroads is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hulls Crossroads
- North Brook ‑ Historic
(23 miles [37 km] to the west)
- North Brook is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Brook
- Alexander County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Taylorsville Beach
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Taylorsville Beach is located in Alexander County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Taylorsville Beach
- Stony Point
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
- Stony Point is located in Alexander County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stony Point
- Burke County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Hildebran
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
- Camp Creek
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
- Camp Creek is located in Burke County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Camp Creek
- Shoups Ford
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Shoups Ford is located in Burke County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shoups Ford
- Ramsey
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
- Ramsey is located in Burke County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ramsey
- Cabarrus County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Cannon Crossroads
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
- Cannon Crossroads is located in Cabarrus County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cannon Crossroads
- Cannon Crossroads has also been known as:
- Cannon Cross Roads
- Cannon's Crossroads
- Wallace Cross Roads
- Wallace Crossroads
- Tulin ‑ Historic
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
- Tulin is located in Cabarrus County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tulin
- Poplar Tent
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Poplar Tent is located in Cabarrus County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Poplar Tent
- Fisher Town
(23 miles [37 km] to the east)
- Fisher Town is located in Cabarrus County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fisher Town
- Harrisburg
(23 miles [37 km] to the east)
- Concord
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Caldwell County
- Northlakes
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Northlakes is located in Caldwell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Northlakes
- Catawba County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Killian Crossroads
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
- Killian Crossroads is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Killian Crossroads
- Olivers Crossroads
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
- Olivers Crossroads is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Olivers Crossroads
- Terrell
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
- Drums Crossroads
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
- Drums Crossroads is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Drums Crossroads
- Lake Norman of Catawba
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
- Providence Mill
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Providence Mill is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Providence Mill
- Sherrills Ford
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
- Maiden
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
- Bandy
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Bandy is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bandy
- Duan
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the northwest)
- Duan is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Duan
- Monbo
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Monbo is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Monbo
- Long Island
(18 miles [29 km] to the north)
- Long Island is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Long Island
- Murrays Hill
(18 miles [29 km] to the north)
- Murrays Hill is located in Catawba County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Murrays Hill
- Cleveland County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Kings Mountain
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Waco
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
- Waco is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waco
- Population from the 2020 Census: 319 people
- White Plains
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
- White Plains is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for White Plains
- Stony Point
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
- Stony Point is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stony Point
- Elbethel ‑ Historic
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- Elbethel is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elbethel
- Stubbs
(23 miles [37 km] to the west)
- Stubbs is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stubbs
- Wilson ‑ Historic
(23 miles [37 km] to the west)
- Wilson is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilson
- Beam Mill
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
- Beam Mill is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beam Mill
- Fallston
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
- Elizabeth City
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
- Elizabeth City is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elizabeth City
- Light Oak
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
- Light Oak is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Light Oak
- Durbro ‑ Historic
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Durbro is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Durbro
- Belwood
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Belwood is located in Cleveland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belwood
- Population from the 2020 Census: 963 people
- Gaston County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Lucia
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Lucia is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lucia
- Alexis
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Alexis is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alexis
- Stanley
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
- Woodland ‑ Historic
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Woodland is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodland
- Mount Holly
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Spencer Mountain
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Spencer Mountain is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spencer Mountain
- Estimated population in 2016: 36 people
- High Shoals
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
- High Shoals is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for High Shoals
- Population from the 2020 Census: 757 people
- Dallas
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
- Ranlo
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
- Ranlo is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ranlo
- Population from the 2020 Census: 3,708 people
- Lowell
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
- McAdenville
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
- Smyre
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
- Smyre is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smyre
- Belmont
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
- Iredell County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Mayhew
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
- Mayhew is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mayhew
- Doolie
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
- Doolie is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Doolie
- Mount Mourne
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
- Mount Mourne is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Mourne
- Mooresville
(18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
- Shepherds
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
- Shepherds is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shepherds
- Eufola
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Eufola is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eufola
- Ostwalt
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
- Ostwalt is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ostwalt
- Barium Springs
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Barium Springs is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Barium Springs
- Mazeppa
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Mazeppa is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mazeppa
- Troutman
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Statesville
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Belmont
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Belmont is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belmont
- Brevard ‑ Historic
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Brevard is located in Iredell County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brevard
- Mecklenburg County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- River View ‑ Historic
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
- River View is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for River View
- Huntersville
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the east)
- Cornelius
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
- Paw Creek
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
- Paw Creek is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paw Creek
- Chateau Woods
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
- Chateau Woods is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chateau Woods
- Spring Lake
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
- Spring Lake is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spring Lake
- Croft
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
- Croft is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Croft
- Davidson
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
- Dixie
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Dixie is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dixie
- Dalton Village
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Dalton Village is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dalton Village
- Pinecrest
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Pinecrest is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pinecrest
- Biddleville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
- Biddleville is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Biddleville
- Greenville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
- Greenville is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greenville
- Rowan County
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Enochville
(23 miles [37 km] to the east)
- Enochville is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enochville
- Harts ‑ Historic
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Harts is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harts
- Kannapolis
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
- Five Points
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- Five Points is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Five Points
- Mount Ulla
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- North Kannapolis
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
- North Kannapolis is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Kannapolis
- Corriher Heights
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Corriher Heights is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corriher Heights
- Landis
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Bear Poplar
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Bear Poplar is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bear Poplar
- Five Forks
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Five Forks is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Five Forks
- Mill Bridge
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Mill Bridge is located in Rowan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mill Bridge
- China Grove
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Cleveland
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Union County
- Stallings
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Lancaster County (SC)
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Camp Cox
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
- Camp Cox is located in Lancaster County (SC)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Camp Cox
- Colonial Village
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Colonial Village is located in Lancaster County (SC)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Colonial Village
- Indian Land
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- York County (SC)
- The following are listed by their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Bowling Green
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
- Lake Wylie
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
- Clover
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
- Tega Cay
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- Zadok ‑ Historic
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Zadok is located in York County (SC)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Zadok
- Filbert
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Filbert is located in York County (SC)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Filbert
- Fort Mill
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
- India Hook
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
- India Hook is located in York County (SC)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for India Hook
- Riverview
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
- Riverview is located in York County (SC)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Riverview
- Newport
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Newport is located in York County (SC)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newport
- York
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Mariposa, see our County-by-County Page for Mariposa.
Cemeteries Near Mariposa ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Mariposa.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Mariposa - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Mariposa covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Forney Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
- Hills Chapel UMC Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hills Chapel UMC Cemetery
- The Hills Chapel UMC Cemetery has also been known as:
- Lowes Cemetery
- Lowesville Cemetery
- Mauney Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Keever Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Hillcrest Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Morningside Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- Amity Baptist Church Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Rural Hill Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
- Centerpointe Baptist Church Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
- Caldwell Presbyterian Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
- Ebenezer UMC Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
- Ebenezer Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
- Continue List (193 more) ...
- Hopewell AME Zion Cemetery
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
- Denver Community Cemetery
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- St. Johns Chapel Primitive Baptist Church Cemetery
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>
While we didn't find Mariposa in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Mariposa.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Mariposa, with the one closest to Mariposa listed first.
- Machpelah
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Machpelah is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Machpelah
- Lowesville
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
- Lowesville is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lowesville
- Lucia
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Lucia is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lucia
- Cowans Ford
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Cowans Ford is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cowans Ford
- Triangle ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Triangle is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Triangle
- Iron Station
(5 miles [8 km] to the west)
- Iron Station is located in Lincoln County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Iron Station
- Mountain Island
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- Mountain Island is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mountain Island
- Hardins
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
- Hardins is located in Gaston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hardins
- Mount Holly
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Denver
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
- Dallas
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
- Martindale ‑ Historic
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Martindale is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Martindale
- Continue List (16 more) ...
- River View ‑ Historic
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
- River View is located in Mecklenburg County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for River View
- Lowell
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
- McAdenville
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Mariposa. See our List of 1890's Communities around Mariposa.
Newspapers Published in Mariposa ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 39 newspapers that have been published in the area around Mariposa.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Mariposa, there are papers which were published within 15 miles [24.1 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Mariposa.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Mariposa:
- Websites specific to North Carolina
- Pages specific to Lincoln County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Alexander County
- Burke County
- Cabarrus County
- Caldwell County
- Catawba County
- Cleveland County
- Gaston County
- Iredell County
- Mecklenburg County
- Rowan County
- Union County
- Lancaster County
- York County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for North Carolina
Footnotes ...
| <1> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <2> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
| <3> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Mariposa, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <4> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Mariposa) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |