RoadsideThoughts
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Home >> State of Missouri >> Saint Louis County >> Jefferson Barracks National CemeteryIndex...










Learn About
The Commemorative
Quarter for
Missouri


The Commemorative Quarter for Missouri







A visit to the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery ...



Introduction ...

Since our focus is on geography, we don't have burial or interment information. Nor do we have any contact information for the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery. For information of that nature, we suggest the Find-A-Grave <1> website: The Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery (FG ID #1593798)

Note: We have organized the cemeteries in our Gazetteer based on a problem that we had while working on our own genealogy. Without specifying the cemeteries involved, we found an ancestor that we believed to have been buried in one cemetery was actually buried elsewhere.

We discovered that his burial had been refused at the last moment and the family had scrambled to make new arrangements. By looking at nearby cemeteries, the surrounding communities and in newspapers of the period, we were finally able to locate his burial site.

Should you find yourself in the same situation, we hope that our Gazetteer helps you discover your lost ancestor.

The Location of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery ...

We are using the following GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude) for the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery

Lat:   38.4996°   (38° 29' 58")

Lon:   -90.2873°   (-90° 17' 14")

The Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County<2>.

The county seat for Saint Louis County is located in Clayton. Clayton lies 10 miles [16.1 km]<3> to the north northwest of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery .

Websites to help with your research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their websites are open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that might help with the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery:

  • Pages specific to Missouri:
  • Pages specific to Saint Louis County:
  • Genealogy information for nearby counties:
  • Cemetery Information and Directories:
  • About the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church ...
    • Although we don't have a link to the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery itself, you might be curious about the African Methodist Episcopal Church. See their website at:
    • The African Methodist Episcopal Church
  • List of neighboring communities ...

    The following 28 communities are within Less than 2 miles<3> of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.

    We've listed the following communities based on their distance from Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, with the nearest first.

    • Oakville
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Oakville have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakville
      • Oakville is located in Saint Louis County
    • Saint George
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Saint George have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saint George
      • Saint George is located in Saint Louis County
      • Estimated population in 2011: 1,336 people
    • Lemay
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lemay have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lemay
      • Lemay is located in Saint Louis County
    • Mehlville
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mehlville have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mehlville
      • Mehlville is located in Saint Louis County
    • Wilbur Park
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Wilbur Park have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilbur Park
      • Wilbur Park is located in Saint Louis County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 466 people
    • East Carondelet
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Carondelet have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Carondelet
      • East Carondelet is located in Saint Clair County (IL)
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 469 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for East Carondelet <5>
    • Bella Villa
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bella Villa have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bella Villa
      • Bella Villa is located in Saint Louis County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 721 people
    • Lakeshire
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lakeshire have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lakeshire
      • Lakeshire is located in Saint Louis County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,385 people
    • Green Park
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Green Park have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green Park
      • Green Park is located in Saint Louis County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,614 people
    • Columbia
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Columbia have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Columbia
      • Columbia is located in Monroe County (IL)
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 10,627 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Columbia <5>
    • Dupo
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dupo
      • Dupo is located in Saint Clair County (IL)
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,845 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Dupo <5>
    • Carondelet
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carondelet
      • Carondelet is located in Saint Louis City
    • Continue List   (16 more) ...
      • Affton
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Affton have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Affton
        • Affton is located in Saint Louis County
      • Concord
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Concord have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Concord
        • Concord is located in Saint Louis County
      • Mackenzie
        (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mackenzie have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mackenzie
        • Mackenzie is located in Saint Louis County
        • Estimated population in 2018: 131 people
      • Falling Spring
        (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Falling Spring have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Falling Spring
        • Falling Spring is located in Saint Clair County (IL)
      • Marlborough
        (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Marlborough have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marlborough
        • Marlborough is located in Saint Louis County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,142 people
      • Grantwood Village
        (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Grantwood Village have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grantwood Village
        • Grantwood Village is located in Saint Louis County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 855 people
      • Sappington
        (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sappington have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sappington
        • Sappington is located in Saint Louis County
        • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sappington <5>
      • Arnold
        (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Arnold have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arnold
        • Arnold is located in Jefferson County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 21,145 people
        • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Arnold <5>
      • Flamm City
        (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Flamm City have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flamm City
        • Flamm City is located in Jefferson County
      • Shrewsbury
        (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Shrewsbury have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shrewsbury
        • Shrewsbury is located in Saint Louis County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 6,063 people
      • Crestwood
        (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Crestwood have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crestwood
        • Crestwood is located in Saint Louis County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 11,833 people
      • Sunset Hills
        (6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sunset Hills have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunset Hills
        • Sunset Hills is located in Saint Louis County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 8,448 people
      • Maxville
        (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Maxville have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maxville
        • Maxville is located in Jefferson County
      • Webster Groves
        (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Webster Groves have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Webster Groves
        • Webster Groves is located in Saint Louis County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 22,896 people
      • Cahokia
        (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cahokia
        • Cahokia is located in Saint Clair County (IL)
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 13,742 people
        • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Cahokia <5>
      • Oakland
        (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Oakland have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakland
        • Oakland is located in Saint Louis County
        • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,375 people

    For the full list of neighboring communities with details, please visit our extended List of Communities.

    Nearby communities with newspapers ...

    The following communities are those where newspapers have been published and are located in the vicinity of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery. Unless otherwise noted, the following communities are located in Saint Louis County.

    More information can be found on our list of Local Newspapers for The Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.

    We've listed the following communities alphabetically.

    • Arnold
      • Arnold lies 6 miles [9.7 km]<3> to the Southwest (SW) of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.
      • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Arnold.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arnold
    • Cahokia
      • Cahokia lies 7 miles [11.3 km]<3> to the Northeast (NE) of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.
      • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Cahokia.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cahokia
    • Columbia
    • Dupo
      • Dupo lies 4 miles [6.4 km]<3> to the East Northeast (ENE) of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.
      • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Dupo.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dupo
    • Webster Groves

    List of nearby cemeteries ...

    Based on our list of cemeteries, we know of 27 that are within 6 miles [9.7 km] of the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.<6>

    We've listed the following cemeteries based on their distance from Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, with the nearest first.

    • Park Lawn Cemetery
      (Less than 2 miles to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Park Lawn Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The Park Lawn Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Park Lawn Cemetery
    • Trinity Cemetery
      (Less than 2 miles to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Trinity Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The Trinity Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Trinity Cemetery
    • Odd Fellows Cemetery
      (Less than 2 miles to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Odd Fellows Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The Odd Fellows Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Odd Fellows Cemetery
    • Mt. Hope Cemetery
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mt. Hope Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The Mt. Hope Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mt. Hope Cemetery
    • Mt. Olive Cemetery
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mt. Olive Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The Mt. Olive Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mt. Olive Cemetery
    • Oakdale Cemetery
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Oakdale Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The Oakdale Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Oakdale Cemetery
    • St. Johns Evangelical UCC Cemetery
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Johns Evangelical UCC Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The St. Johns Evangelical UCC Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Johns Evangelical UCC Cemetery
    • New St. Johns Cemetery
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the New St. Johns Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The New St. Johns Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the New St. Johns Cemetery
    • St. Pauls Cemetery
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Pauls Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The St. Pauls Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Pauls Cemetery
    • New Mt. Sinai Cemetery
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the New Mt. Sinai Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The New Mt. Sinai Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the New Mt. Sinai Cemetery
    • Gatewood Gardens Cemetery
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • The Gatewood Gardens Cemetery is located in Saint Louis City
      • To give a relative sense of its location, the Gatewood Gardens Cemetery is a very large cemetery that is located in Saint Louis.
      • The Gatewood Gardens Cemetery has also been known as:
      • New Picker Cemetery
      • St. Louis Memorial Gardens
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Gatewood Gardens Cemetery
      • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #958964 <1>
    • New St. Marcus Cemetery
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the New St. Marcus Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • The New St. Marcus Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the New St. Marcus Cemetery
    • Continue List   (15 more) ...
      • St. Marcus Cemetery (New)
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • Our Redeemer Cemetery
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Our Redeemer Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The Our Redeemer Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Our Redeemer Cemetery
      • Sunset Burial Park
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Palmer Cemetery
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Palmer Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The Palmer Cemetery is located in Monroe County (IL)
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Palmer Cemetery
      • Old St. Marcus Cemetery
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Old St. Marcus Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The Old St. Marcus Cemetery is located in Saint Louis City
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Old St. Marcus Cemetery
      • St. Marcus Cemetery (Old)
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
        • The St. Marcus Cemetery (Old) is located in Saint Louis City
        • To give a relative sense of its location, the St. Marcus Cemetery (Old) is a large cemetery that is located in Saint Louis.
        • The St. Marcus Cemetery (Old) has also been known as:
        • St. Marcus Commemorative Park
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Marcus Cemetery (Old)
        • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #30670 <1>
      • St.s Peter & Paul Cemetery
        (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
        • The St.s Peter & Paul Cemetery is located in Saint Louis City
        • To give a relative sense of its location, the St.s Peter & Paul Cemetery is a very large cemetery that is located in Saint Louis.
        • The St.s Peter & Paul Cemetery has also been known as:
        • Old St.s Peter and Paul Cemetery
        • St.s Peter and Paul Catholic Cemetery
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St.s Peter & Paul Cemetery
        • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2261610 <1>
      • Lakewood Park Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Lakewood Park Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The Lakewood Park Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Lakewood Park Cemetery
      • Resurrection Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Resurrection Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The Resurrection Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Resurrection Cemetery
      • St. Paul Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Paul Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The St. Paul Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Paul Cemetery
      • St. Lucas Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
        • The St. Lucas Cemetery is located in Saint Louis County
        • The St. Lucas Cemetery has also been known as:
        • Park Hill Cemetery
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Lucas Cemetery
      • St. Pauls Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Pauls Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The St. Pauls Cemetery is located in Monroe County (IL)
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Pauls Cemetery
      • Bohnemeier Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Bohnemeier Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The Bohnemeier Cemetery is located in Saint Clair County (IL)
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Bohnemeier Cemetery
      • Concordia Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Concordia Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • The Concordia Cemetery is located in Saint Louis City
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Concordia Cemetery
      • St. Matthew Cemetery
        (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
        • The St. Matthew Cemetery is located in Saint Louis City
        • To give a relative sense of its location, the St. Matthew Cemetery is a very large cemetery that is located in Saint Louis.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Matthew Cemetery
        • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #31361 <1>

    For an expanded list with details, please visit our List of cemeteries.

    Miscellaneous References and Mentions ...

    Our approach is to add the name of a cemetery whenever we see it mentioned - usually from newspapers, old books and maps. Typically we have little information to start with, but we continue to add detail as we find it.

    We've created the following list to keep track of the sources that we found useful for the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery:

    • Referenced GNIS Record ...
    • GNIS ID #758166  (Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery)
      • Note: GNIS record #758166 has been archived by the USGS. It is no longer maintained by the USGS, nor can it be retrieved from their website.
      • Class: cemetery         Map Name: Oakville
      • County: St. Louis         Elev: 142
      • Location given for GNIS #758166 (Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery)
    • Referenced Find-A-Grave Entry:  #1593798

    The official website for Saint Louis County: www.co.st-louis.mo.us/

    The official website for State of Missouri: https://www.mo.gov/

    Footnotes ...

    <1>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
    <2>If you're interested in how the shape of Missouri's counties, including Saint Louis, have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
    <3>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- ) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point at the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 38.4996, Longitude: -90.2873    
    <4>The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required.
    <5>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
    <6>While we have an extensive database of cemeteries (with over 200,000 entries), you can be assured that it's not complete and our list will be missing cemeteries.









 

Copyright 2024
All Rights Reserved

Thank you for visiting our website.

In closing, please keep in mind that we can not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of the information on this website, so use with care. We encourage you to double-check the information that is critical to you.

If you've found an error or have additional information that you would like to share, please don't hesitate to write: Click here to contact us.

This page was last modified/updated: 06 Apr 2024