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Home >> State of Massachusetts >> Norfolk County >> Islington >> Genealogy HelperIndex...

Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Islington (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Islington. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Islington is located in Norfolk County.

To see how the shape of Massachusetts' counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Norfolk County: Bristol, Middlesex, Plymouth, Suffolk, Worcester & Providence (RI).

Below are the counties that are near Islington. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Islington:

  • Norfolk County     (The home county of Islington)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • Dedham
      (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
      • Dedham is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dedham
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 25,345 people
    • Westwood
      (Less than 2 miles to the west)
      • Westwood is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westwood
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 16,384 people
    • Ashcroft
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
      • Ashcroft is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashcroft
    • Readville Manor
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
      • Readville Manor is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Readville Manor
    • Norwood
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
      • Norwood is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Norwood
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 29,737 people
    • Charles River Village
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Needham
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Needham is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Needham
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 31,537 people
    • East Walpole
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
      • East Walpole is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Walpole
    • Ponkapoag
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
      • Ponkapoag is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ponkapoag
    • Dover
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
      • Dover is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dover
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 6,119 people
    • Needham Heights
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
      • Needham Heights is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Needham Heights
    • Canton
      (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
      • Canton is located in Norfolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canton
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 24,029 people
  • Bristol County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • North Easton
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
      • North Easton is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Easton
    • East Mansfield
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
      • East Mansfield is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Mansfield
    • Easton Center
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
      • Easton Center is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Easton Center
    • Easton
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
      • Easton is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Easton
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 25,116 people
    • Mansfield
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
      • Mansfield is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mansfield
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 24,539 people
    • South Easton
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
      • South Easton is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Easton
    • Furnace Village
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
      • Furnace Village is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Furnace Village
    • Norton
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
      • Norton is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Norton
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 19,983 people
    • Attleboro Falls
      (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
      • Attleboro Falls is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Attleboro Falls
    • North Attleboro
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
      • North Attleboro is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Attleboro
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 29,470 people
    • Attleboro
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
      • Attleboro is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Attleboro
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 45,444 people
    • Chartley
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
      • Chartley is located in Bristol County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chartley
  • Essex County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • Cliftondale
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
      • Cliftondale is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cliftondale
    • Pleasant Hills
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
      • Pleasant Hills is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant Hills
    • Nahant
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Nahant is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nahant
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,506 people
    • Saugus
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Saugus is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saugus
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 28,542 people
    • West Lynn
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
      • West Lynn is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Lynn
    • Lynn
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Lynn is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lynn
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 94,539 people
    • East Lynn
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
      • East Lynn is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Lynn
    • Lynnfield
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
      • Lynnfield is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lynnfield
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 13,040 people
    • Swampscott
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Swampscott is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Swampscott
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 15,462 people
    • Clifton
      (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
      • Clifton is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clifton
    • Peabody
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
      • Peabody is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peabody
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 53,063 people
    • West Peabody
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
      • West Peabody is located in Essex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Peabody
  • Middlesex County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • Eliot
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
      • Eliot is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eliot
    • Newton Highlands
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
      • Newton Highlands is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newton Highlands
    • Newton Upper Falls
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
      • Newton Upper Falls is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newton Upper Falls
    • Chestnut Hill
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
      • Chestnut Hill is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chestnut Hill
    • Newton Centre
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
      • Newton Centre is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newton Centre
    • Newton
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
      • Newton is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newton
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 87,803 people
    • Waban
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
      • Waban is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waban
    • Newton Lower Falls
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Newton Lower Falls is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newton Lower Falls
    • Newtonville
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
      • Newtonville is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newtonville
    • West Newton
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
      • West Newton is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Newton
    • South Sherborn
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
      • South Sherborn is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Sherborn
    • Auburndale
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
      • Auburndale is located in Middlesex County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Auburndale
  • Plymouth County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • Montello
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Montello is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Montello
    • Brockton
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Brockton is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brockton
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 95,770 people
    • North Abington
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
      • North Abington is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Abington
    • West Hingham
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
      • West Hingham is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Hingham
    • Abington
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
      • Abington is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Abington
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 16,752 people
    • Accord
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
      • Accord is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Accord
    • Hingham
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
      • Hingham is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hingham
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 24,720 people
    • Hull
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
      • Hull is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hull
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 10,484 people
    • Rockland
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Rockland is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rockland
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 17,992 people
    • Bayside
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
      • Bayside is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bayside
    • Kenberma
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
      • Kenberma is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kenberma
    • Cochesett
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Cochesett is located in Plymouth County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cochesett
  • Suffolk County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • Readville
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Readville is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Readville
    • Stonybrook Village
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Stonybrook Village is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stonybrook Village
    • Highland
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • Highland is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Highland
    • West Roxbury
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • West Roxbury is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Roxbury
    • Hyde Park
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Hyde Park is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hyde Park
    • Mattapan Station
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
      • Mattapan Station is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mattapan Station
    • Roslindale
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
      • Roslindale is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roslindale
    • Mattapan
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Mattapan is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mattapan
    • Ashmont
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Ashmont is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashmont
    • Jamaica Plain
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Jamaica Plain is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jamaica Plain
    • Roxbury
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Roxbury is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roxbury
    • Brighton
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
      • Brighton is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brighton
  • Worcester County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • Fayville
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
      • Fayville is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fayville
    • Cordaville
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
      • Cordaville is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cordaville
    • Milford
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
      • Milford is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Milford
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 28,965 people
    • Southville
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
      • Southville is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southville
    • South Milford
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
      • South Milford is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Milford
    • Southborough
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
      • Southborough is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southborough
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 10,200 people
    • Hopedale
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • Hopedale is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hopedale
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 5,934 people
    • White City
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • White City is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for White City
    • East Blackstone
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
      • East Blackstone is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Blackstone
    • Mendon
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
      • Mendon is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mendon
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 6,233 people
    • Millerville
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Millerville is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millerville
    • Upton
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the west)
      • Upton is located in Worcester County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Upton
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 8,088 people
  • Providence County (RI)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.
    • Burnt Swamp Corner
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Burnt Swamp Corner is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burnt Swamp Corner
    • Arnold Mills
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
      • Arnold Mills is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arnold Mills
    • Cumberland
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Cumberland is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cumberland
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 35,207 people
    • Cumberland
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Cumberland is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cumberland
    • Cumberland Hill
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Cumberland Hill is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cumberland Hill
    • Hamlet
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Hamlet is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hamlet
    • Woonsocket
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Woonsocket is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woonsocket
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 41,545 people
    • Albion
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Albion is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Albion
    • Berkeley
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Berkeley is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Berkeley
    • Darlington
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
      • Darlington is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Darlington
    • Branch Village
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
      • Branch Village is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Branch Village
    • Lime Rock
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
      • Lime Rock is located in Providence County (RI)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lime Rock

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Islington, see our County-by-County Page for Islington.

Cemeteries Near Islington ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Islington.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Islington - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Islington covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>

The Rand McNally Atlas shows that Islington had a population of 100 people in 1895 with a post office and railroad service.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Islington, with the one closest to Islington listed first.

  • Ellis
    (Less than 2 miles to the south)
    • Ellis is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ellis
  • Endicott
    (Less than 2 miles to the east)
    • Endicott is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Endicott
  • Dedham
    (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
    • Dedham is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dedham
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 25,345 people
  • Norwood
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
    • Norwood is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Norwood
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 29,737 people
  • Ashcroft
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
    • Ashcroft is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashcroft
  • Winslows
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
    • Winslows is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Winslows
  • East Walpole
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
    • East Walpole is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Walpole
  • Canton Junction
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
    • Canton Junction is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canton Junction
  • Ponkapoag
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
    • Ponkapoag is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ponkapoag
  • Blue Hills
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
    • Blue Hills is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blue Hills
  • Needham
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Needham is located in Norfolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Needham
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 31,537 people
  • Clarendon Hills
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Clarendon Hills is located in Suffolk County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clarendon Hills
  • Continue List   (18 more) ...
    • West Roxbury
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • West Roxbury is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Roxbury
    • Highland
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
      • Highland is located in Suffolk County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Highland
    • Charles River Village
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Islington. See our List of 1890's Communities around Islington.

Newspapers Published in Islington ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 34 newspapers that have been published in the area around Islington.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Islington, there are papers which were published within 9 miles [14.5 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Islington.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Islington:

Footnotes ...

<1>The Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) has created and maintains a database of historic properties that is called MACRIS (for the Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System). More information about the MHC and MACRIS can be found on their website: mhc-macris.net.

When visiting the MACRIS website, you might encounter their page requiring the 'Acceptance of Terms'. With your acceptance, you'll be transfered to the desired page.

<2>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<3>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Islington, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<4>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Islington) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.