RoadsideThoughts
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Home >> State of Indiana >> Jefferson County >> Wakefield >> Genealogy HelperIndex...

Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Wakefield (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Wakefield. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Wakefield is located in Jefferson County.

To see how the shape of Indiana's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Jefferson County: Clark, Jennings, Ripley, Scott, Switzerland, Carroll (KY) & Trimble (KY).

Below are the counties that are near Wakefield. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Wakefield:

  • Jefferson County     (The home county of Wakefield)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Kent
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
      • Kent is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kent
    • Smyrna
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
      • Smyrna is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smyrna
    • Deputy
      (5 miles [8 km] to the west)
    • Middlefork
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Middlefork is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Middlefork
    • Hanover
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Dupont
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
    • Madison
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
    • Chelsea
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
      • Chelsea is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chelsea
    • Bryantsburg
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Bryantsburg is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bryantsburg
    • Manville
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
      • Manville is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Manville
    • Canaan
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
      • Canaan is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canaan
    • Brooksburg
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
      • Brooksburg is located in Jefferson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brooksburg
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 80 people
  • Bartholomew County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Jonesville
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
    • Grammer
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
      • Grammer is located in Bartholomew County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grammer
    • Elizabethtown
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
      • Elizabethtown is located in Bartholomew County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elizabethtown
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 540 people
  • Clark County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Nabb
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
      • Nabb is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nabb
    • Marysville
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
      • Marysville is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marysville
    • New Washington
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
      • New Washington is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Washington
    • Otto
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
      • Otto is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otto
    • Otisco
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
      • Otisco is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otisco
    • Underwood
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Underwood is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Underwood
    • Bethlehem
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
    • Vesta
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
      • Vesta is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vesta
    • Henryville
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
    • Sunset Village
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
      • Sunset Village is located in Clark County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunset Village
    • Charlestown
      (23 miles [37 km] to the south)
    • Memphis
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
  • Decatur County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Harper
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
      • Harper is located in Decatur County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harper
    • Sardinia
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
      • Sardinia is located in Decatur County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sardinia
    • Alert
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
      • Alert is located in Decatur County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alert
    • Westport
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
      • Westport is located in Decatur County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westport
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,416 people
    • Letts Corner
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
      • Letts Corner is located in Decatur County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letts Corner
    • Letts
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
      • Letts is located in Decatur County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letts
    • Millhousen
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
      • Millhousen is located in Decatur County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millhousen
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 130 people
  • Jackson County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Crothersville
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
    • Retreat
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the west)
      • Retreat is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Retreat
    • Kriete Corner
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Kriete Corner is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kriete Corner
    • Fleming
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
      • Fleming is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fleming
    • Dudleytown
      (18 miles [29 km] to the west)
      • Dudleytown is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dudleytown
    • Seymour
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
    • New Elizabethtown
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
      • New Elizabethtown is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Elizabethtown
    • Cortland
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
      • Cortland is located in Jackson County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cortland
    • Brownstown
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
    • Vallonia
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
  • Jennings County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Paris Crossing
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
      • Paris Crossing is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paris Crossing
    • Commiskey
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
    • Grayford
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
      • Grayford is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grayford
    • San Jacinto
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
      • San Jacinto is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for San Jacinto
    • Vernon
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
    • North Vernon
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
    • Four Corners
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Four Corners is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Four Corners
    • Oakdale
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
      • Oakdale is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakdale
    • Hayden
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northwest)
      • Hayden is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hayden
    • Butlerville
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
    • Queensville
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
      • Queensville is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Queensville
    • Scipio
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
      • Scipio is located in Jennings County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Scipio
  • Ohio County
    • Bear Branch
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
      • Bear Branch is located in Ohio County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bear Branch
  • Ripley County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Cross Plains
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Cross Plains is located in Ripley County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cross Plains
    • Holton
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Friendship
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
    • Otter Village
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
      • Otter Village is located in Ripley County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otter Village
    • Versailles
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
    • Osgood
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
  • Scott County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Blocher
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
      • Blocher is located in Scott County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blocher
    • Lexington
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
    • Albion
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
      • Albion is located in Scott County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Albion
    • Goshen
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Goshen is located in Scott County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goshen
    • Marshfield
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
      • Marshfield is located in Scott County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marshfield
    • Scottsburg
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
    • Austin
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
  • Switzerland County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Avonburg
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
      • Avonburg is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Avonburg
    • Lamb
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
      • Lamb is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lamb
    • Moorefield
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
      • Moorefield is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Moorefield
    • Pleasant
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
      • Pleasant is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant
    • Bennington
      (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
      • Bennington is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bennington
    • Mount Sterling
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Mount Sterling is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Sterling
    • Vevay
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Vevay is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vevay
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,639 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Vevay <1>
    • Allensville
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
      • Allensville is located in Switzerland County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Allensville
  • Washington County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Little York
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
      • Little York is located in Washington County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Little York
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 191 people
    • Bartle
      (23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
      • Bartle is located in Washington County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bartle
    • South Boston
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
      • South Boston is located in Washington County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Boston
    • Harristown
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
      • Harristown is located in Washington County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harristown
    • Plattsburg
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
      • Plattsburg is located in Washington County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plattsburg
    • Kossuth
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
      • Kossuth is located in Washington County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kossuth
  • Carroll County (KY)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Locust
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
      • Locust is located in Carroll County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Locust
    • Prestonville
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
      • Prestonville is located in Carroll County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Prestonville
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 160 people
    • Carrollton
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
    • English
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
      • English is located in Carroll County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for English
    • Langstaff
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Langstaff is located in Carroll County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Langstaff
    • Easterday
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
      • Easterday is located in Carroll County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Easterday
    • Ghent
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
      • Ghent is located in Carroll County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ghent
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 307 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Ghent <1>
    • Worthville
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Worthville is located in Carroll County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Worthville
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 195 people
  • Henry County (KY)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Sulphur
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
    • Campbellsburg
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
    • Pendleton
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
    • Turners Station
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
      • Turners Station is located in Henry County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Turners Station
    • Jericho
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Jericho is located in Henry County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jericho
    • Port Royal
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Port Royal is located in Henry County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Port Royal
  • Jefferson County (KY)
    • Prospect
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
      • Prospect is located in Jefferson County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Prospect
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 4,918 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Prospect <1>
  • Oldham County (KY)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Westport
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
    • Russell Corner
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
      • Russell Corner is located in Oldham County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Russell Corner
    • Goshen
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
      • Goshen is located in Oldham County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goshen
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,016 people
    • Harmony Village
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
      • Harmony Village is located in Oldham County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harmony Village
    • La Grange
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
    • Buckner
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
    • River Bluff
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
      • River Bluff is located in Oldham County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for River Bluff
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 442 people
    • Park Lake
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
      • Park Lake is located in Oldham County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Park Lake
  • Trimble County (KY)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.
    • Milton
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
      • Milton is located in Trimble County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Milton
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 607 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Milton <1>
    • Trout
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Trout is located in Trimble County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Trout
    • Mount Pleasant
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
      • Mount Pleasant is located in Trimble County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Pleasant
    • Bedford
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
      • Bedford is located in Trimble County (KY)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bedford
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 555 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bedford <1>

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Wakefield, see our County-by-County Page for Wakefield.

Cemeteries Near Wakefield ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Wakefield.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Wakefield - one of the links might be able to help.

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Wakefield covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.

  • Lawler Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
  • Ford Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the east)
  • Lloyd Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
  • Hopewell Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
  • Neavill Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
  • Shiloh Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
  • Kinnear Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
  • Kent Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
  • Blankenship Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
  • Landon Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
  • Scotland Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
  • McKay Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
  • Continue List   (390 more) ...
    • College Hill Cemetery
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Ogden Cemetery
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Clashman Cemetery
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<2>

While we didn't find Wakefield in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Wakefield.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Wakefield, with the one closest to Wakefield listed first.

  • Volga
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the east)
    • Volga is located in Jefferson County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Volga
  • Kent
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
    • Kent is located in Jefferson County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kent
  • Lancaster
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Lancaster is located in Jefferson County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lancaster
  • Paris
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Paris is located in Jennings County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paris
  • Wirt
    (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
    • Wirt is located in Jefferson County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wirt
  • Paris Crossing
    (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
    • Paris Crossing is located in Jennings County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paris Crossing
  • Deputy
    (5 miles [8 km] to the west)
  • Swanville
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Swanville is located in Jefferson County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Swanville
  • Hanover
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
  • Middlefork
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Middlefork is located in Jefferson County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Middlefork
  • Commiskey
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
  • Blocher
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
    • Blocher is located in Scott County
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blocher
  • Continue List   (14 more) ...
    • Dupont
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
    • New Frankfort
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
      • New Frankfort is located in Scott County
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Frankfort
    • Madison
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Wakefield. See our List of 1890's Communities around Wakefield.

Newspapers Published in Wakefield ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 150 newspapers that have been published in the area around Wakefield.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Wakefield, there are papers which were published within 23 miles [37 km]<3>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Wakefield.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Wakefield:

Footnotes ...

<1>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Wakefield, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<3>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'point-to-point' distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Wakefield) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.