Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Pleasant Hill (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Pleasant Hill. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Pleasant Hill is located in Yell County.
To see how the shape of Arkansas' counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Yell County: Conway, Garland, Logan, Montgomery, Perry, Pope & Scott.
Below are the counties that are near Pleasant Hill. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Pleasant Hill:
- Yell County (The home county of Pleasant Hill)
- The following are listed by their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Briggsville
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Briggsville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Briggsville
- Briggsville is located in Yell County
- Bluffton
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bluffton
- Bluffton is located in Yell County
- Wing
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wing
- Wing is located in Yell County
- Waltreak
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waltreak
- Waltreak is located in Yell County
- Chula
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Chula. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chula
- Chula is located in Yell County
- Aly
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Aly
- Aly is located in Yell County
- Rover
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rover have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rover
- Rover is located in Yell County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Rover <3>
- Gravelly
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gravelly
- Gravelly is located in Yell County
- Corinth
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Corinth have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corinth
- Corinth is located in Yell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 66 people
- Belleville
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Belleville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belleville
- Belleville is located in Yell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 411 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Belleville <3>
- Danville
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Danville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Danville
- Danville is located in Yell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,365 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Danville <3>
- Havana
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Havana have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Havana
- Havana is located in Yell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 363 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Havana <3>
- Marvinville
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Marvinville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marvinville
- Marvinville is located in Yell County
- Garland County
- The following are listed by their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Gladstone ‑ Historic
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gladstone have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gladstone
- Gladstone is located in Garland County
- Jessieville
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Blue Springs
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blue Springs
- Blue Springs is located in Garland County
- Mountain Pine
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mountain Pine have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mountain Pine
- Mountain Pine is located in Garland County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 789 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Mountain Pine <3>
- Logan County
- The following are listed by their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Blue Mountain
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Blue Mountain have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blue Mountain
- Blue Mountain is located in Logan County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 120 people
- Corley
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Corley. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corley
- Corley is located in Logan County
- Magazine
(23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Magazine have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Magazine
- Magazine is located in Logan County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 824 people
- Golden City ‑ Historic
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Golden City. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Golden City
- Golden City is located in Logan County
- Sand Ridge
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Sand Ridge. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sand Ridge
- Sand Ridge is located in Logan County
- Booneville
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- New Blaine
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Subiaco
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Subiaco have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Subiaco
- Subiaco is located in Logan County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 554 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Subiaco <3>
- Carolan
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Carolan. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carolan
- Carolan is located in Logan County
- Paris
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Delaware
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delaware
- Delaware is located in Logan County
- Montgomery County
- The following are listed by their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Story
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
- Fannie
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fannie
- Fannie is located in Montgomery County
- Washita
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Washita
- Washita is located in Montgomery County
- Sims
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sims
- Sims is located in Montgomery County
- Fir ‑ Historic
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Fir. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fir
- Fir is located in Montgomery County
- Pencil Bluff
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pencil Bluff have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pencil Bluff
- Pencil Bluff is located in Montgomery County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Pencil Bluff <3>
- Whitetown
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whitetown
- Whitetown is located in Montgomery County
- Mount Ida
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mount Ida have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Ida
- Mount Ida is located in Montgomery County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,005 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Mount Ida <3>
- Oden
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- Joplin
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Joplin
- Joplin is located in Montgomery County
- Alamo
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Alamo. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alamo
- Alamo is located in Montgomery County
- Norman
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Norman have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Norman
- Norman is located in Montgomery County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 363 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Norman <3>
- Perry County
- The following are listed by their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Casa
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Casa have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Casa
- Casa is located in Perry County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 169 people
- Deberrie
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Deberrie
- Deberrie is located in Perry County
- Scott County
- The following are listed by their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Little Texas
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Little Texas
- Little Texas is located in Scott County
- Nebraska ‑ Historic
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Nebraska have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nebraska
- Nebraska is located in Scott County
- Harvey
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Harvey have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harvey
- Harvey is located in Scott County
- Cardiff
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Cardiff. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cardiff
- Cardiff is located in Scott County
- Parks
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parks
- Parks is located in Scott County
- Boles
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Pleasant Hill, see our County-by-County Page for Pleasant Hill.
Cemeteries Near Pleasant Hill ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Pleasant Hill.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Pleasant Hill covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Briggs Memorial Park
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Briggs Memorial Park
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Briggs Memorial Park have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Bluffton Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Bluffton Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Bluffton Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Mt. Zion Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mt. Zion Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mt. Zion Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Chula Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Chula Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Chula Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2304121 <4>
- Killian Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Red Hill Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Red Hill Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Red Hill Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Young Gravelly Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Young Gravelly Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Young Gravelly Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Chalybeate Springs Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Chalybeate Springs Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Chalybeate Springs Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Aly Community Church Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
- Ballew Family Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Ballew Family Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Ballew Family Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Tate Family Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Tate Family Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Tate Family Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Mt. Pleasant Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Continue List (241 more) ...
- Waltreak Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Waltreak Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Waltreak Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Hunts Chapel Cemetery
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hunts Chapel Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Hunts Chapel Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Lee Cemetery
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Lee Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Lee Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2196855 <4>
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>
While we didn't find Pleasant Hill in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Pleasant Hill.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Pleasant Hill, with the one closest to Pleasant Hill listed first.
- Briggsville
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Briggsville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Briggsville
- Briggsville is located in Yell County
- Bluffton
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bluffton
- Bluffton is located in Yell County
- Wing
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wing
- Wing is located in Yell County
- Chula
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Chula. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chula
- Chula is located in Yell County
- Aly
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Aly
- Aly is located in Yell County
- Onyx
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Onyx have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Onyx
- Onyx is located in Yell County
- Shark
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Shark have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shark
- Shark is located in Yell County
- Rover
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rover have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rover
- Rover is located in Yell County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Rover <3>
- Blue Ball
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Blue Ball have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blue Ball
- Blue Ball is located in Scott County
- Gilkey ‑ Historic
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gilkey have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gilkey
- Gilkey is located in Yell County
- Nebraska ‑ Historic
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Nebraska have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nebraska
- Nebraska is located in Scott County
- Story
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
- Continue List (13 more) ...
- Danville
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Danville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Danville
- Danville is located in Yell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,365 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Danville <3>
- Belleville
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Belleville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belleville
- Belleville is located in Yell County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 411 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Belleville <3>
- Marvinville
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Marvinville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marvinville
- Marvinville is located in Yell County
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Pleasant Hill. See our List of 1890's Communities around Pleasant Hill.
Newspapers Published in Pleasant Hill ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 32 newspapers that have been published in the area around Pleasant Hill.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Pleasant Hill, there are papers which were published within 29 miles [46.7 km]<6>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Pleasant Hill.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first turn to the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Pleasant Hill:
- Websites specific to Arkansas
- Pages specific to Yell County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Garland County
- Logan County
- Montgomery County
- Perry County
- Scott County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for Arkansas
Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Pleasant Hill. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.
The official website for State of Arkansas: https://portal.arkansas.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> | The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required. |
<2> | An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace. |
<3> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
<4> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
<5> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Pleasant Hill, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
<6> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Pleasant Hill) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Pleasant Hill. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 34.8893, Longitude: -93.5380 In this case, the coordinates for Pleasant Hill have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). |