Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Hammond (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Hammond. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Hammond is located in Marion County.
To see how the shape of West Virginia's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Marion County: Harrison, Monongalia, Taylor & Wetzel.
Below are the counties that are near Hammond. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Hammond:
- Marion County (The home county of Hammond)
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Colfax
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
- Colfax is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Colfax
- Hebron
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
- Hebron is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hebron
- Samaria
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Samaria is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Samaria
- Pleasant Valley
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
- Pleasant Valley is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant Valley
- Population from the 2020 Census: 3,141 people
- Canton
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Canton is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canton
- Whitehall
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Whitehall is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whitehall
- Population from the 2020 Census: 666 people
- Neel ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Neel is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Neel
- Palatine
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Palatine is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palatine
- Fairmont
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Watson
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Watson is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Watson
- Eldora
(5 miles [8 km] to the west)
- Eldora is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eldora
- Garden Village
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Garden Village is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Garden Village
- Barbour County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Pleasant Creek ‑ Historic
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
- Pleasant Creek is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant Creek
- Adaland
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
- Adaland is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Adaland
- Clemtown
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
- Clemtown is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Clemtown
- Berryburg
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)
- Berryburg is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Berryburg
- Arden
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- Arden is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arden
- Pepper
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Pepper is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pepper
- Meriden
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Meriden is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Meriden
- Philippi
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Kasson
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
- Kasson is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kasson
- Elk City
(18 miles [29 km] to the south)
- Elk City is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elk City
- Wellington Heights
(18 miles [29 km] to the south)
- Wellington Heights is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wellington Heights
- Valley Furnace
(18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
- Valley Furnace is located in Barbour County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Valley Furnace
- Doddridge County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Big Isaac
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Big Isaac is located in Doddridge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Big Isaac
- Miletus
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
- Miletus is located in Doddridge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Miletus
- Doak
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
- Doak is located in Doddridge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Doak
- Roberts
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
- Roberts is located in Doddridge County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roberts
- Harrison County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Enterprise
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
- Enterprise is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enterprise
- Saltwell
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
- Saltwell is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saltwell
- Bridgeport
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
- Shinnston
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
- Haywood
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Haywood is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Haywood
- Meadowbrook
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Meadowbrook is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Meadowbrook
- Spelter
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Spelter is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spelter
- Despard
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southwest)
- Despard is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Despard
- Lumberport
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
- Lumberport is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lumberport
- Population from the 2020 Census: 835 people
- Wyatt
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
- Wyatt is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wyatt
- Anmoore
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
- Gore
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
- Gore is located in Harrison County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gore
- Lewis County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Aberdeen
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Aberdeen is located in Lewis County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Aberdeen
- Jane Lew
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Lightburn
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Lightburn is located in Lewis County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lightburn
- Berlin
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Berlin is located in Lewis County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Berlin
- Westfield
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
- Westfield is located in Lewis County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westfield
- Valley Chapel
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
- Monongalia County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Smithtown
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
- Smithtown is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smithtown
- Little Falls
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
- Little Falls is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Little Falls
- Arnettsville
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the north)
- Arnettsville is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arnettsville
- Georgetown
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
- Georgetown is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Georgetown
- Hagans
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
- Hagans is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hagans
- Laurel Point
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Laurel Point is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Laurel Point
- Sandy
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
- Sandy is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sandy
- Granville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Granville is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Granville
- Population from the 2020 Census: 3,156 people
- Brookhaven
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
- Brookhaven is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brookhaven
- Morgantown
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
- Westover
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
- Cassville
(18 miles [29 km] to the north)
- Cassville is located in Monongalia County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cassville
- Preston County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Gladesville
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
- Gladesville is located in Preston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gladesville
- Independence
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
- Independence is located in Preston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Independence
- Newburg
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
- Threefork Bridge
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
- Threefork Bridge is located in Preston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Threefork Bridge
- Arthurdale
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
- Reedsville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
- Tunnelton
(18 miles [29 km] to the east)
- Masontown
(18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
- Heathers Run
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Heathers Run is located in Preston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Heathers Run
- Kingwood
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Macomber
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Macomber is located in Preston County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Macomber
- Rowlesburg
(23 miles [37 km] to the east)
- Randolph County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Montrose
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Montrose is located in Randolph County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Montrose
- Population from the 2020 Census: 151 people
- Tigheville
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Tigheville is located in Randolph County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tigheville
- Taylor County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Pruntytown
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Pruntytown is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pruntytown
- Fetterman
(5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
- Fetterman is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fetterman
- Grafton
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- West Grafton
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- West Grafton is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Grafton
- Oreide
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
- Oreide is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oreide
- Brydon
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
- Brydon is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brydon
- Webster
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
- Webster is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Webster
- Yates ‑ Historic
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
- Yates is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yates
- Flemington
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Flemington is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Flemington
- Population from the 2020 Census: 306 people
- Knottsville
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Knottsville is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Knottsville
- Thornton
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Thornton is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thornton
- Stone House ‑ Historic
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
- Stone House is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stone House
- Upshur County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Teter
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Teter is located in Upshur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Teter
- Swamp Run
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- Swamp Run is located in Upshur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Swamp Run
- Buckhannon
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Gormley
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Gormley is located in Upshur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gormley
- Reger
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Reger is located in Upshur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Reger
- Overhill
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Overhill is located in Upshur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Overhill
- Wetzel County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Smithfield
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
- Round Bottom
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
- Round Bottom is located in Wetzel County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Round Bottom
- Bane
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Bane is located in Wetzel County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bane
- Fallen Timber ‑ Historic
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Fallen Timber is located in Wetzel County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fallen Timber
- Hundred
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- Kodol
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- Kodol is located in Wetzel County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kodol
- Anthem
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Anthem is located in Wetzel County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Anthem
- Uniontown
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Uniontown is located in Wetzel County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Uniontown
- Littleton
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
- Littleton is located in Wetzel County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Littleton
- Fayette County (PA)
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Fairchance
(23 miles [37 km] to the north)
- Point Marion
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- Winstead
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Winstead is located in Fayette County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Winstead
- Atlantic
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Atlantic is located in Fayette County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Atlantic
- Morris Crossroads
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Morris Crossroads is located in Fayette County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Morris Crossroads
- New Geneva
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- New Geneva is located in Fayette County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Geneva
- Fayette
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
- Fayette is located in Fayette County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fayette
- Greene County (PA)
- The following are listed by their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Mount Morris
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
- Dunkard
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
- Dunkard is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dunkard
- Dilliner
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
- Dilliner is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dilliner
- Jollytown
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Jollytown is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jollytown
- Spraggs
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
- Spraggs is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spraggs
- Kirby
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Kirby is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kirby
- Greensboro
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Gump
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
- Gump is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gump
- Ashtree
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Ashtree is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashtree
- Bluff
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Bluff is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bluff
- New Freeport
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northwest)
- New Freeport is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Freeport
- Fordyce
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
- Fordyce is located in Greene County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fordyce
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Hammond, see our County-by-County Page for Hammond.
Cemeteries Near Hammond ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Hammond.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Hammond - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Hammond covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Nuzum Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
- Vincent Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
- Janes Memorial Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Linn Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
- Linns Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
- Vincent Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Nixon Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Harmony Grove Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- Woodsdale Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Hayhurst Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
- Hepzibah Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Maple Grove Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Continue List (529 more) ...
- Fairmont City Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Smith Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- West Virginia National Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<2>
While we didn't find Hammond in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Hammond.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Hammond, with the one closest to Hammond listed first.
- Valley Falls
(Less than 2 miles to the southeast)
- Valley Falls is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Valley Falls
- Colfax
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
- Colfax is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Colfax
- McGee
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
- McGee is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McGee
- Brittain ‑ Historic
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Brittain is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brittain
- Samaria
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Samaria is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Samaria
- Gaston Junction
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Gaston Junction is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gaston Junction
- Canton
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Canton is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canton
- Bentons Ferry
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Bentons Ferry is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bentons Ferry
- Pruntytown
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Pruntytown is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pruntytown
- Palatine
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Palatine is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palatine
- Fetterman
(5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
- Fetterman is located in Taylor County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fetterman
- Fairmont
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Continue List (16 more) ...
- Neel ‑ Historic
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Neel is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Neel
- Forksburg
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Forksburg is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Forksburg
- Watson
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Watson is located in Marion County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Watson
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Hammond. See our List of 1890's Communities around Hammond.
Newspapers Published in Hammond ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 46 newspapers that have been published in the area around Hammond.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Hammond, there are papers which were published within 10 miles [16.1 km]<3>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Hammond.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we like to start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Hammond:
- Websites specific to West Virginia
- Pages specific to Marion County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Barbour County
- Doddridge County
- Harrison County
- Lewis County
- Monongalia County
- Preston County
- Randolph County
- Taylor County
- Upshur County
- Wetzel County
- Fayette County
- Greene County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for West Virginia
Footnotes ...
| <1> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <2> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Hammond, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <3> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Hammond) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |