Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Hectorville (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Hectorville. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Hectorville is located in Franklin County.
To see how the shape of Vermont's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Franklin County: Chittenden, Grand Isle, Lamoille & Orleans.
Below are the counties that are near Hectorville. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Hectorville:
- Franklin County (The home county of Hectorville)
- The following are listed by their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Montgomery
(Less than 2 miles to the north)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Montgomery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Montgomery
- Montgomery is located in Franklin County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,212 people
- Montgomery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Montgomery
- Montgomery is located in Franklin County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Montgomery <2>
- Enosburg
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Enosburg have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enosburg
- Enosburg is located in Franklin County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,796 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Enosburg <2>
- Richford
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the north) - Bakersfield
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bakersfield have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bakersfield
- Bakersfield is located in Franklin County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,336 people
- West Enosburg
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Enosburg
- West Enosburg is located in Franklin County
- Enosburg Falls
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enosburg Falls
- Enosburg Falls is located in Franklin County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,284 people
- Bakersfield
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bakersfield
- Bakersfield is located in Franklin County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bakersfield <2>
- Richford
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Richford have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Richford
- Richford is located in Franklin County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Richford <2>
- Berkshire
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest) - Egypt ‑ Historic
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the west) - Berkshire
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Berkshire
- Berkshire is located in Franklin County
- Caledonia County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Hardwick
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast) - East Hardwick
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for East Hardwick. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<3>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Hardwick
- East Hardwick is located in Caledonia County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for East Hardwick <2>
- Sheffield
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast) - Summit
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east) - Stannard
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast) - Stannard
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stannard
- Stannard is located in Caledonia County
- Sheffield
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sheffield
- Sheffield is located in Caledonia County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sheffield <2>
- South Walden
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Walden
- South Walden is located in Caledonia County
- Wheelock
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast) - Walden
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast) - Wheelock
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wheelock
- Wheelock is located in Caledonia County
- Chittenden County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Underhill
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest) - Westford
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest) - Westford
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westford
- Westford is located in Chittenden County
- Milton
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Milton
- Milton is located in Chittenden County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Milton <2>
- Checkerberry Village
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Checkerberry Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Checkerberry Village
- Checkerberry Village is located in Chittenden County
- Jericho
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jericho
- Jericho is located in Chittenden County
- Population from the 2010 Census: 1,329 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Jericho <2>
- Jericho
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest) - Milton
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest) - Miltonboro
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Miltonboro. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<3>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Miltonboro
- Miltonboro is located in Chittenden County
- Lamoille County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Belvidere
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest) - Belvidere
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest) - Eden
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south) - Eden
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eden
- Eden is located in Lamoille County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Eden <2>
- Belvidere Junction
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belvidere Junction
- Belvidere Junction is located in Lamoille County
- Waterville
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Waterville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waterville
- Waterville is located in Lamoille County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 701 people
- Johnson
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the south) - Johnson
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the south)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Johnson
- Johnson is located in Lamoille County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,499 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Johnson <2>
- Hyde Park
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south) - Hyde Park
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hyde Park have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hyde Park
- Hyde Park is located in Lamoille County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 475 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Hyde Park <2>
- Cadys Falls
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cadys Falls
- Cadys Falls is located in Lamoille County
- Cambridge
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
- Orleans County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Westfield
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast) - Lowell
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the east) - Troy
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Troy
- Troy is located in Orleans County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Troy <2>
- Jay
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast) - Troy
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast) - Albany
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Albany have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Albany
- Albany is located in Orleans County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 185 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Albany <2>
- North Troy
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for North Troy have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Troy
- North Troy is located in Orleans County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 565 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for North Troy <2>
- Albany Center
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Albany Center
- Albany Center is located in Orleans County
- Irasburg
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the east) - Albany
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast) - Craftsbury
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Craftsbury have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Craftsbury
- Craftsbury is located in Orleans County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,170 people
- East Albany
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for East Albany. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<3>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Albany
- East Albany is located in Orleans County
- Washington County
- The following are listed by their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Woodbury
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south) - Woodbury
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodbury
- Woodbury is located in Washington County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Woodbury <2>
- Worcester
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south) - South Woodbury
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Woodbury
- South Woodbury is located in Washington County
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Hectorville, see our County-by-County Page for Hectorville.
Cemeteries Near Hectorville ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Hectorville.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Hectorville covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Roegan Road Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the east)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Roegan Road Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Roegan Road Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Roegan Road Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Roegan Road Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Roegan Road Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- West Hill Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the West Hill Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the West Hill Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- St. Isidore Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Isidore Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Isidore Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Clapp Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Clapp Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Clapp Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Montgomery Center Cemetery (Upper)
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Montgomery Center Cemetery (Upper)
- The Montgomery Center Cemetery (Upper) has also been known as:
- Montgomery Center Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2208335 <4>
- Montgomery Center Cemetery (Lower)
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Montgomery Center Cemetery (Lower)
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2208335 <4>
- Burroughs Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Burroughs Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Burroughs Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Old Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Old Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Old Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Village Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Village Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Village Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Chamberlain Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Chamberlain Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Chamberlain Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Cook Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Cook Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Cook Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Continue List (335 more) ...
- South Richford Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the South Richford Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the South Richford Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Belvidere Center Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Belvidere Center Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Belvidere Center Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Center Cemetery
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Center Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Center Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- South Richford Cemetery
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>
While we didn't find Hectorville in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Hectorville.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Hectorville, with the one closest to Hectorville listed first.
- Montgomery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Montgomery
- Montgomery is located in Franklin County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Montgomery <2>
- East Enosburg
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Enosburg have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Enosburg
- East Enosburg is located in Franklin County
- Belvidere
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest) - Belvidere Center
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Belvidere Center have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belvidere Center
- Belvidere Center is located in Lamoille County
- Enosburg
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Enosburg have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enosburg
- Enosburg is located in Franklin County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,796 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Enosburg <2>
- Lowell
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lowell have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lowell
- Lowell is located in Orleans County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Lowell <2>
- East Berkshire
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Berkshire have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Berkshire
- East Berkshire is located in Franklin County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for East Berkshire <2>
- Eden
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eden
- Eden is located in Lamoille County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Eden <2>
- Eden Mills
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Eden Mills have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eden Mills
- Eden Mills is located in Lamoille County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Eden Mills <2>
- Westfield
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the east)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Westfield have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westfield
- Westfield is located in Orleans County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Westfield <2>
- North Enosburg
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northwest)- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for North Enosburg have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Enosburg
- North Enosburg is located in Franklin County
- West Enosburg
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Enosburg
- West Enosburg is located in Franklin County
- Continue List (17 more) ...
- Bakersfield
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bakersfield
- Bakersfield is located in Franklin County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bakersfield <2>
- Troy
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Troy
- Troy is located in Orleans County
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Troy <2>
- Enosburg Falls
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enosburg Falls
- Enosburg Falls is located in Franklin County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,284 people
- Bakersfield
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Hectorville. See our List of 1890's Communities around Hectorville.
Newspapers Published in Hectorville ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 12 newspapers that have been published in the area around Hectorville.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Hectorville, there are papers which were published within 19 miles [30.6 km]<6>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Hectorville.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first visit the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Hectorville:
- Websites specific to Vermont
- Jump to Cyndi's List
- Jump to Family Search
- Jump to Genealogy Trails
- Website for the //www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records.aspx
- Pages specific to Franklin County
- Jump to Cyndi's List
- Jump to Family Search
- Jump to Genealogy Trails
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Caledonia County
- Jump to Cyndi's List
- Jump to Family Search
- Jump to Genealogy Trails
- Chittenden County
- Jump to Cyndi's List
- Jump to Family Search
- Jump to Genealogy Trails
- Lamoille County
- Jump to Cyndi's List
- Jump to Family Search
- Jump to Genealogy Trails
- Orleans County
- Jump to Cyndi's List
- Jump to Family Search
- Jump to Genealogy Trails
- Washington County
- Jump to Cyndi's List
- Jump to Family Search
- Jump to Genealogy Trails
- Caledonia County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for Vermont
- Cemetery Junction: Cemeteries of Vermont
- Cyndi's List
- Cemeteries of Vermont
- Cemeteries of Franklin County
- FamilySearch.org: Cemeteries of Vermont
- Find-A-Grave: Home Page
- Interment.net
- Cemeteries of Vermont
- Cemeteries of Franklin County
Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Hectorville. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.
The official website for State of Vermont: https://www.vermont.gov/
Footnotes ...
| <1> | The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required. |
| <2> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <3> | An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace. |
| <4> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
| <5> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Hectorville, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <6> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Hectorville) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Hectorville. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 44.8384, Longitude: -72.6085 In this case, the coordinates for Hectorville have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). |