RoadsideThoughts
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Home >> State of South Carolina >> Greenville County >> Wedgefield >> Genealogy HelperIndex...










Learn About
The Commemorative
Quarter for
South Carolina

The Commemorative Quarter for South Carolina





Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Wedgefield (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Wedgefield. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Wedgefield is located in Greenville County.

To see how the shape of South Carolina's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Greenville County: Henderson (NC), Polk (NC), Transylvania (NC), Abbeville, Anderson, Laurens, Pickens & Spartanburg.

Below are the counties that are near Wedgefield. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Wedgefield:

  • Greenville County     (The home county of Wedgefield)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Five Forks
      (Less than 2 miles to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Five Forks have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Five Forks
      • Five Forks is located in Greenville County
    • Woodland Village
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Woodland Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodland Village
      • Woodland Village is located in Greenville County
    • Pelham
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Pelham. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pelham
      • Pelham is located in Greenville County
    • Mauldin
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mauldin
      • Mauldin is located in Greenville County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 25,562 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Mauldin <3>
    • Simpsonville
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
    • East Gate Village
      (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Gate Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Gate Village
      • East Gate Village is located in Greenville County
    • Conestee
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Wade Hampton
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Wade Hampton have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wade Hampton
      • Wade Hampton is located in Greenville County
    • Chick Springs
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Chick Springs. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chick Springs
      • Chick Springs is located in Greenville County
    • Fountain Inn
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
    • Greenville
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
    • Pine Hill Village
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pine Hill Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pine Hill Village
      • Pine Hill Village is located in Greenville County
  • Abbeville County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Honea Path
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
    • Ware Shoals
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
    • Donalds
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
  • Anderson County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Powderville
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Powderville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Powderville
      • Powderville is located in Anderson County
    • Piedmont
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
    • Pelzer
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
    • West Pelzer
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for West Pelzer have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Pelzer
      • West Pelzer is located in Anderson County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 953 people
    • Williamston
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
    • Belton
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
    • Anderson Village
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Anderson Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Anderson Village
      • Anderson Village is located in Anderson County
    • Northlake
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Northlake have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Northlake
      • Northlake is located in Anderson County
    • Anderson
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
  • Laurens County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Green Pond
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the south)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green Pond
      • Green Pond is located in Laurens County
    • Gray Court
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
    • Princeton
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Princeton have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Princeton
      • Princeton is located in Laurens County
    • Simpson ‑ Historic
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Simpson have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Simpson
      • Simpson is located in Laurens County
    • Tylersville
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tylersville
      • Tylersville is located in Laurens County
    • Laurens
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
    • Ekom
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ekom
      • Ekom is located in Laurens County
    • Mount Gallagher
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Mount Gallagher. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Gallagher
      • Mount Gallagher is located in Laurens County
    • Cold Point
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cold Point
      • Cold Point is located in Laurens County
    • Lisbon ‑ Historic
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Lisbon. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lisbon
      • Lisbon is located in Laurens County
  • Pickens County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Dacusville
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Dacusville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dacusville
      • Dacusville is located in Pickens County
    • Easley
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
    • Arial
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Arial have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arial
      • Arial is located in Pickens County
    • Liberty
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
    • Pickens
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
    • Norris
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
    • Central
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
    • Crow Creek
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Crow Creek. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crow Creek
      • Crow Creek is located in Pickens County
  • Spartanburg County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Crescent
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crescent
      • Crescent is located in Spartanburg County
    • Reidville
      (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
    • Green Pond
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the east)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green Pond
      • Green Pond is located in Spartanburg County
    • Duncan
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Duncan
      • Duncan is located in Spartanburg County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,715 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Duncan <3>
    • Brookside Village
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Brookside Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brookside Village
      • Brookside Village is located in Spartanburg County
    • Lyman
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lyman
      • Lyman is located in Spartanburg County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,796 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Lyman <3>
    • Startex
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
    • Wellford
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
    • Woodruff
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
    • Moore
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
    • Franklin Village
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Franklin Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Franklin Village
      • Franklin Village is located in Spartanburg County
    • Arcadia
      (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
  • Union County
    • Colerain
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Colerain. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Colerain
      • Colerain is located in Union County
  • Henderson County (NC)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Saluda
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Saluda have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saluda
      • Saluda is located in Henderson County (NC)
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 703 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Saluda <3>
    • Tuxedo
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Tuxedo have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tuxedo
      • Tuxedo is located in Henderson County (NC)
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Tuxedo <3>
  • Polk County (NC)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.
    • Tryon
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tryon
      • Tryon is located in Polk County (NC)
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,635 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Tryon <3>
    • Lynn
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lynn
      • Lynn is located in Polk County (NC)
    • Columbus
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Wedgefield, see our County-by-County Page for Wedgefield.

Cemeteries Near Wedgefield ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Wedgefield.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Wedgefield covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.

  • Five Forks Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the east)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Five Forks Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Five Forks Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Vaughan Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Vaughan Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Vaughan Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Rocky Creek Cemetery
    (Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Rocky Creek Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Rocky Creek Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Bethel Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Bethel Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Bethel Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • First Baptist Church of Mauldin Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
  • Mauldin Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mauldin Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mauldin Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Simpsonville Municipal Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Simpsonville Municipal Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Simpsonville Municipal Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Clear Springs Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Clear Springs Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Clear Springs Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Mayfield Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mayfield Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mayfield Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Hudson Family Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hudson Family Cemetery
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for the Hudson Family Cemetery. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
  • Buena Vista Cemetery
    (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Buena Vista Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Buena Vista Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Standing Springs Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Standing Springs Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Standing Springs Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Continue List   (383 more) ...
    • Old Shady Oak Baptist Church Cemetery
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Antioch Cemetery
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Antioch Cemetery
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Antioch Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Antioch Christian Church Cemetery
      (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>

While we didn't find Wedgefield in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Wedgefield.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Wedgefield, with the one closest to Wedgefield listed first.

  • Mauldin
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mauldin
    • Mauldin is located in Greenville County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 25,562 people
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Mauldin <3>
  • Pelham
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Pelham. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pelham
    • Pelham is located in Greenville County
  • Batesville
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Batesville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Batesville
    • Batesville is located in Greenville County
  • Simpsonville
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
  • Cashville
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Cashville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cashville
    • Cashville is located in Spartanburg County
  • Chick Springs
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Chick Springs. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chick Springs
    • Chick Springs is located in Greenville County
  • Taylors
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
  • Fountain Inn
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the south)
  • Reidville
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
  • Greenville
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
  • Greer
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greer
    • Greer is located in Greenville County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 35,316 people
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Greer <3>
  • Fairview
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Fairview have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairview
    • Fairview is located in Greenville County
  • Continue List   (13 more) ...
    • Duncan
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Duncan
      • Duncan is located in Spartanburg County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,715 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Duncan <3>
    • White Horse
      (10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for White Horse. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for White Horse
      • White Horse is located in Greenville County
    • Switzer
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Switzer have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Switzer
      • Switzer is located in Spartanburg County

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Wedgefield. See our List of 1890's Communities around Wedgefield.

Newspapers Published in Wedgefield ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 1 newspapers that have been published in the area around Wedgefield.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Wedgefield, there are papers which were published within 4 miles [6.4 km]<6>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Wedgefield.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Wedgefield:

Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Wedgefield. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.

The official website for Greenville County: www.greenvillecounty.org/

The official website for State of South Carolina: https://sc.gov/

Footnotes ...

<1>The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required.
<2>An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace.
<3>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<4>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<5>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Wedgefield, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<6>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Wedgefield) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Wedgefield. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 34.8098, Longitude: -82.2537       In this case, the coordinates for Wedgefield have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).




 

Copyright 2025
All Rights Reserved

Thank you for visiting our website.

In closing, please keep in mind that we can not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of the information on this website, so use with care. We encourage you to double-check the information that is critical to you.

If you've found an error or have additional information that you would like to share, please don't hesitate to write: Click here to contact us.

This page was last modified/updated: 30 Mar 2025