Local Newspapers

Introduction ...

Below are the newspapers that have been published in the vicinity of Lake Terrace.

Our newspaper information for Lake Terrace is based on data taken from the Chronicling America website. For more information, please see our description of the Chronicling America website.

We don't know of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Lake Terrace. That said, we do have a list of papers that were published in the broader area surrounding Lake Terrace. Our list contains 78 papers that were published within 19 miles [30.6 km]<1> of Lake Terrace.

Newspapers Neighboring Lake Terrace ...

The following newspapers were published within 19 miles [30.6 km] of Lake Terrace.

The papers have been grouped by the community in which they were published, with the communities listed in order of their distance from Lake Terrace.

Published In Bennettsville ...
- Community Observer (from 1978)
  - Years of publication: 1978 to 1981
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Community Observer
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065658
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739179
- Cyclone Mack's Recusant (from 1929)
  - Years of publication: 1929 to 1931
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Cyclone Mack's Recusant
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067646
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27801848
- Eastern Carolina News (from 1913)
  - Years of publication: 1913 to 1914
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Eastern Carolina News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065636
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739217
- Herald-Advocate (from 2014)
  - Years of publication: 2014 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Herald-Advocate
  - Holdings for: LCCN 2014226291
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 884720714
- Marlboro County Herald (from 1931)
  - Years of publication: 1931 to 1951
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Marlboro County Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067698
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27902553
- Marlboro Herald-Advocate (from 1951)
  - Years of publication: 1951 to 2014
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Marlboro Herald-Advocate
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067702
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27920407
- Pee Dee Educator (from 1890)
  - Years of publication: 1890 to 1900
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Pee Dee Educator
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065549
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25837696
- The Bennettsville Banner (from 1891)
  - Years of publication: 1891 to 1895
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Bennettsville Banner
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065638
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26642181
- The Bennettsville Journal (from 1866)
  - Years of publication: 1866 to 1870
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Bennettsville Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067692
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27902617
- The Bennettsville Review (from 1894)
  - Years of publication: 1894 to 1895
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Bennettsville Review
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065645
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739200
- The Carolina Messenger (from 1974)
  - Years of publication: 1974 to 1978
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Carolina Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067691
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27902606
- The Chronicle (from 1885)
  - Years of publication: 1885 to 1886
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Chronicle
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065646
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739332
- The Farmer's Friend (from 1880)
  - Years of publication: 1880 to 1882
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Farmer's Friend
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067688
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27902569
- The Fine Print News (from 1982)
  - Years of publication: 1982 to 1990
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Fine Print News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067913
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28640932
- The Marlboro Chronicle (from 1886)
  - Years of publication: 1886 to 1888
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Marlboro Chronicle
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067798
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28283888
- The Marlboro Democrat (from 1882)
  - Years of publication: 1882 to 1908
  - Issues available online: 356
  - Scanned issues: February 25, 1885 to August 21, 1908
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: The Marlboro Democrat
  - Holdings: LCCN SN92065637
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26642360
  - ISSN Number: 2165-7750
- The Marlboro Democrat (from 1911)
  - Published during 1911
  - Issues available online: 2
  - Scanned issues: October 20, 1911 to October 27, 1911
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: The Marlboro Democrat
  - Holdings: LCCN 2011218518
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 727803522
  - ISSN Number: 2165-8854
- The Marlboro Monitor (from 1882)
  - Years of publication: 1882 to 1884
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Marlboro Monitor
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065641
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739149
- The Marlboro' Times (from 1871)
  - Years of publication: 1871 to 187?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Marlboro' Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84026862
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10715474
- The Pee Dee Advocate (from 1895)
  - Years of publication: 1895 to 1951
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Pee Dee Advocate
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067687
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27950924
- The Pee Dee Alliance (from 1888)
  - Years of publication: 1888 to 1890
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Pee Dee Alliance
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067880
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28513176
- The Pee Dee Argus (from 189?)
  - Years of publication: 189? to 1891
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Pee Dee Argus
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN97064664
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 36270608
- The Pee Dee Daily (from 1913)
  - Years of publication: 1913 to 1914
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Pee Dee Daily
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065640
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26642229
Published In McColl ...
- McColl Dispatch (from 1924)
  - Years of publication: 1924 to 1925
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the McColl Dispatch
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065647
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739307
- McColl Messenger (from 1948)
  - Years of publication: 1948 to 1951
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the McColl Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067704
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27950936
- The Marlboro News (from 1926)
  - Published during 1926
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Marlboro News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065656
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739119
- The Marlboro Times (from 1908)
  - Years of publication: 1908 to 1913
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Marlboro Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065649
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739270
Published In Cheraw [Chesterfield County] ...
- Cheraw Chronicle (from 1896)
  - Years of publication: 1896 to 2005
  - Issues available online: 231
  - Scanned issues: March 30, 1905 to July 6, 1922
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: Cheraw Chronicle
  - Holdings: LCCN SN86063782
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13640557
  - ISSN Number: 0889-0617
- Cheraw Daily Herald (from 1911)
  - Published during 1911
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Cheraw Daily Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN 2012271268
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 56837681
- Cheraw Gazette And Pee Dee Farmer (from 1838)
  - Years of publication: 1838 to 1839
  - Issues available online: 52
  - Scanned issues: November 21, 1838 to November 8, 1839
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: Cheraw Gazette And Pee Dee Farmer
  - Holdings: LCCN SN88084131
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18399244
- Cheraw Gazette (from 1847)
  - Years of publication: 1847 to 1861
  - Issues available online: 5
  - Scanned issues: September 23, 1851 to August 24, 1859
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: Cheraw Gazette
  - Holdings: LCCN SN85042736
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12814564
- Cheraw Gazette (from 1835)
  - Years of publication: 1835 to 1838
  - Issues available online: 96
  - Scanned issues: January 5, 1836 to November 8, 1837
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: Cheraw Gazette
  - Holdings: LCCN SN88084121
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18395718
- Cheraw Intelligencer And Southern Register (from 1823)
  - Years of publication: 1823 to 1826
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Cheraw Intelligencer And Southern Register
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85042671
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12772607
- Cheraw Republican (from 1830)
  - Years of publication: 1830 to 1833
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Cheraw Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065585
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26208261
- Chesterfield Democrat (from 1868)
  - Years of publication: 1868 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Chesterfield Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84026856
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10715630
- Farmers' Gazette, And Cheraw Advertiser (from 1839)
  - Years of publication: 1839 to 1843
  - Issues available online: 225
  - Scanned issues: November 15, 1839 to February 21, 1843
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: Farmers' Gazette, And Cheraw Advertiser
  - Holdings: LCCN SN85042795
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12862856
- Farmers' Gazette (from 1843)
  - Years of publication: 1843 to 1847
  - Issues available online: 2
  - Scanned issues: September 24, 1844 to January 28, 1845
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: Farmers' Gazette
  - Holdings: LCCN 2015226296
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 913889173
  - ISSN Number: 2472-8020
- Pee Dee Gazette And Cheraw Advertiser (from 1833)
  - Published during 1833
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Pee Dee Gazette And Cheraw Advertiser
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85042794
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12862792
- Pee Dee Gazette, And Cheraw Advertiser (from 1820)
  - Years of publication: 1820 to 1826
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Pee Dee Gazette, And Cheraw Advertiser
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85042681
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12784985
- Pee Dee Gazette, And Cheraw Intelligencer (from 1826)
  - Published during 1826
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Pee Dee Gazette, And Cheraw Intelligencer
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85042672
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12772651
- South-Carolina Spectator (from 1826)
  - Years of publication: 1826 to 1833
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the South-Carolina Spectator
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84027855
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10720429
- The Carolina Sun (from 1880)
  - Years of publication: 1880 to 1883
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Carolina Sun
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065635
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26739667
- The Cheraw Chronicle & The Chesterfield Advertiser (from 2005)
  - Years of publication: 2005 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Cheraw Chronicle & The Chesterfield Advertiser
  - Holdings for: LCCN 2015226295
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 913750083
- The Cheraw Reporter (from 1885)
  - Years of publication: 1885 to 1896
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Cheraw Reporter
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065434
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25209408
- The Pee Dee Herald (from 1856)
  - Years of publication: 1856 to 1859
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Pee Dee Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067699
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27950940
- The Sun And Monitor (from 1883)
  - Years of publication: 1883 to 1884
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Sun And Monitor
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92065657
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27902579
Published In Society Hill [Darlington County] ...
- The Society Hill News (from 1910)
  - Years of publication: 1910 to 1911
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Society Hill News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93067813
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28283824
Published In Laurinburg [Scotland County] ...
- Scotchman And Observer (from 1873)
  - Years of publication: 1873 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Scotchman And Observer
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068167
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24513030
- The Exchange (from 1911)
  - Years of publication: 1911 to 1913
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Exchange
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068178
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24586446
- The Exchange (from 1992)
  - Years of publication: 1992 to 1995
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Exchange
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN96086003
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26661209
- The Laurinburg Courier
  - The years of publication are unknown
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Laurinburg Courier
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN98058833
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 39359841
- The Laurinburg Enterprise (from 1880)
  - Years of publication: 1880 to 1881
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Laurinburg Enterprise
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85042056
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11716481
- The Laurinburg Exchange (from 1882)
  - Years of publication: 1882 to 1911
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Laurinburg Exchange
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068177
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24586432
- The Laurinburg Exchange (from 1913)
  - Years of publication: 1913 to 1992
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Laurinburg Exchange
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068179
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24586468
- The Laurinburg Exchange (from 1995)
  - Years of publication: 1995 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Laurinburg Exchange
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN96086004
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 33474351
- The Laurinburg News (from 1914)
  - Years of publication: 1914 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Laurinburg News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068176
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24582152
- The Laurinburg Post (from 1895)
  - The first year of publication was in 1895, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Laurinburg Post
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068174
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24532239
- The Scotland News (from 1900)
  - Years of publication: 1900 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Scotland News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068166
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24513081
Published In Hamlet [Richmond County] ...
- Central Argus (from 1880)
  - Years of publication: 1880 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Central Argus
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068148
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24433592
- Hamlet Messenger (from 190?)
  - Years of publication: 190? to 1920
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Hamlet Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN98058816
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 39304817
- Richmond County This Week (from 19??)
  - Years of publication: 19?? to 1980
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Richmond County This Week
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN80001569
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 6611511
- The Hamlet Advertiser (from 1936)
  - Years of publication: 1936 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hamlet Advertiser
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN98058809
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 39296455
- The Hamlet Enterprise
  - The first year of publication is unknown, with the last issue in 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hamlet Enterprise
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072290
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 31906258
- The Hamlet News Messenger (from 1920)
  - Years of publication: 1920 to 1951
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hamlet News Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072298
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32043825
- The Hamlet News-Messenger (from 1989)
  - Years of publication: 1989 to 1995
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hamlet News-Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072304
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32045330
- The Hamlet News (from 1973)
  - Years of publication: 1973 to 1976
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hamlet News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072300
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32044104
- The News Messenger (from 1951)
  - Years of publication: 1951 to 1973
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The News Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072299
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32044020
- The News Messenger (from 1981)
  - Years of publication: 1981 to 1989
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The News Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072303
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32045201
- The News Of Richmond County This Week (from 1981)
  - Published during 1981
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The News Of Richmond County This Week
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072302
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32045097
- The News (from 1976)
  - Years of publication: 1976 to 1980
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95072301
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32044256
Published In Maxton [Robeson County] ...
- Maxton Scottish Chief (from 1894)
  - The first year of publication was in 1894, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Maxton Scottish Chief
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068703
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24647583
- Scottish Chief (from 1893)
  - Years of publication: 1893 to 1894
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Scottish Chief
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068702
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24647559
- The Maxton Blade (from 189?)
  - Years of publication: 189? to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Maxton Blade
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN92074099
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 26832908
- The Maxton Union (from 1887)
  - Years of publication: 1887 to 1892
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Maxton Union
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068700
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24647515
- The Scottish Chief And The Post (from 1958)
  - Published during 1958
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Scottish Chief And The Post
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068708
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24647732
- The Scottish Chief
  - The first year of publication is unknown, with the last issue in 1944
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Scottish Chief
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068705
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24647660
- The Scottish Chief (from 1958)
  - Years of publication: 1958 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Scottish Chief
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068709
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24647747
- Union And Scottish Chief (from 1892)
  - Years of publication: 1892 to 1893
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Union And Scottish Chief
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91068701
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24647546

Off-the-Road Links ...

The official website for Chronicling America

Unfortunately, we don't know of an official website for Lake Terrace. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.

The official website for Marlboro County: www.marlborocounty.sc.gov/

The official website for State of South Carolina: https://sc.gov/

Footnotes ...

<1>

Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Lake Terrace) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Lake Terrace. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 34.6313, Longitude: -79.6689 In this case, the coordinates for Lake Terrace have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).