A visit to the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery ...

Google driving directions from your current location to the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery (Patience, this may take a moment).

Introduction ...

Note: We have organized the cemeteries in our Gazetteer based on a problem that we had while working on our own genealogy. Without specifying the cemeteries involved, we found an ancestor that we believed to have been buried in one cemetery was actually buried elsewhere.

We discovered that his burial had been refused at the last moment and the family had scrambled to make new arrangements. By looking at nearby cemeteries, the surrounding communities and in newspapers of the period, we were finally able to locate his burial site.

Should you find yourself in the same situation, we hope that our Gazetteer helps you discover your lost ancestor.

The Location of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery ...

We are using the following GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude) for the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery

Lat:   40.9601°   (40° 57' 36")

Lon:   -75.2104°   (-75° 12' 37")

The Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery is located in Monroe County<1>.

The county seat for Monroe County is located in Stroudsburg. Stroudsburg lies just to the north northeast of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery .

List of nearby cemeteries ...

Based on our list of cemeteries, we know of 23 that are within 8 miles [12.9 km]<2> of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.<3>

We've listed the following cemeteries based on their distance from Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery, with the nearest first.

• Laurelwood Cemetery
  (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Laurelwood Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Laurelwood Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Laurelwood Cemetery is located in Monroe County
• Prospect Cemetery
  (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Prospect Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Prospect Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Prospect Cemetery is located in Monroe County
• Stroud Cemetery
  (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Stroud Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Stroud Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Stroud Cemetery is located in Monroe County
• Delaware Water Gap Cemetery
  (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Delaware Water Gap Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Delaware Water Gap Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Delaware Water Gap Cemetery is located in Monroe County
• Kellersville Methodist Church Cemetery
  (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Kellersville Methodist Church Cemetery
  • The Kellersville Methodist Church Cemetery is located in Monroe County

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to the Kellersville Methodist Church Cemetery

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to the Kellersville Methodist Church Cemetery

• Mt. Zion Cemetery
  (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mt. Zion Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mt. Zion Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Mt. Zion Cemetery is located in Monroe County
• Mt. Carmel Cemetery
  (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mt. Carmel Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Mt. Carmel Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Mt. Carmel Cemetery is located in Northampton County
• Evangelical Cemetery
  (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Evangelical Cemetery
  • The Evangelical Cemetery is located in Northampton County

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to the Evangelical Cemetery

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to the Evangelical Cemetery

• Riverview Cemetery
  (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Riverview Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Riverview Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Riverview Cemetery is located in Northampton County
• St. Vincent Cemetery
  (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Vincent Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Vincent Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The St. Vincent Cemetery is located in Northampton County
• Franklin Hill Cemetery
  (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Franklin Hill Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Franklin Hill Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The Franklin Hill Cemetery is located in Monroe County
• St. Johns Cemetery
  (6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Johns Cemetery
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Johns Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • The St. Johns Cemetery is located in Monroe County
• Continue List   (11 more) ...
  • Evergreen Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Evergreen Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Evergreen Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • The Evergreen Cemetery is located in Northampton County
  • Fairview Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Fairview Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Fairview Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • The Fairview Cemetery is located in Northampton County
  • St. Johns Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Johns Cemetery
    • The St. Johns Cemetery is located in Northampton County

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to the St. Johns Cemetery

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to the St. Johns Cemetery

  • Trinity Lutheran Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Trinity Lutheran Cemetery
    • The Trinity Lutheran Cemetery is located in Northampton County
    • The Trinity Lutheran Cemetery has also been known as:
    • Old Mennonite Cemetery

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to the Trinity Lutheran Cemetery

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to the Trinity Lutheran Cemetery

  • Columbia Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Columbia Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery
    • The Columbia Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery is located in Warren County (NJ)
    • The Columbia Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery has also been known as:
    • Methodist Cemetery
    • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2133741 <5>

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to the Columbia Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to the Columbia Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery

  • Fairview Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Fairview Cemetery
    • The Fairview Cemetery is located in Warren County (NJ)
    • To give a relative sense of its location, the Fairview Cemetery is located outside and to the north of Columbia (NJ).
    • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2152976 <5>

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to the Fairview Cemetery

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to the Fairview Cemetery

  • St. Johns Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Johns Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the St. Johns Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • The St. Johns Cemetery is located in Monroe County
  • Lake View Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Lake View Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Lake View Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • The Lake View Cemetery is located in Monroe County
  • Evergreen Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Evergreen Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Evergreen Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • The Evergreen Cemetery is located in Northampton County
  • Union Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Union Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Union Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • The Union Cemetery is located in Northampton County
  • Hainesburg Cemetery
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hainesburg Cemetery
    • The Hainesburg Cemetery is located in Warren County (NJ)
    • Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #1974234 <5>

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to the Hainesburg Cemetery

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to the Hainesburg Cemetery

For an expanded list with details, please visit our List of cemeteries.

List of neighboring communities ...

The following 25 communities are within 10 miles [16.1 km]<2> of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.

We've listed the following communities based on their distance from Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery, with the nearest first.

• Stroudsburg
  (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stroudsburg
  • Stroudsburg is located in Monroe County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 5,547 people
  • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Stroudsburg <6>

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to Stroudsburg

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Stroudsburg

• Arlington Heights
  (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Arlington Heights have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Arlington Heights
  • Arlington Heights is located in Monroe County
• Delaware Water Gap
  (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Delaware Water Gap have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delaware Water Gap
  • Delaware Water Gap is located in Monroe County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 754 people
  • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Delaware Water Gap <6>
• East Stroudsburg
  (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Stroudsburg
  • East Stroudsburg is located in Monroe County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 10,085 people
  • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for East Stroudsburg <6>

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to East Stroudsburg

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to East Stroudsburg

• Roseto
  (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Roseto have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roseto
  • Roseto is located in Northampton County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,540 people
  • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Roseto <6>
• Slateford
  (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Slateford
  • Slateford is located in Northampton County

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to Slateford

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Slateford

• Pen Argyl
  (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pen Argyl
  • Pen Argyl is located in Northampton County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,540 people
  • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Pen Argyl <6>

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to Pen Argyl

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Pen Argyl

• Bangor
  (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bangor have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bangor
  • Bangor is located in Northampton County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 5,210 people
  • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bangor <6>
• New Village
  (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for New Village have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Village
  • New Village is located in Northampton County
• East Bangor
  (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
  • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Bangor have been provided by the GNIS.<4> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Bangor
  • East Bangor is located in Northampton County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,624 people
• Portland
  (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Portland
  • Portland is located in Northampton County
  • Population from the 2020 Census: 512 people

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to Portland

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Portland

• Columbia
  (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Columbia
  • Columbia is located in Warren County (NJ)

  Google driving directions:

  From your current location to Columbia

  From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Columbia

• Continue List   (13 more) ...
  • Hainesburg
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hainesburg
    • Hainesburg is located in Warren County (NJ)

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Hainesburg

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Hainesburg

  • Reeders
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Reeders
    • Reeders is located in Monroe County
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Reeders <6>

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Reeders

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Reeders

  • Appenzell
    (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Appenzell. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<7>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Appenzell
    • Appenzell is located in Monroe County

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Appenzell

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Appenzell

  • Wind Gap
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wind Gap
    • Wind Gap is located in Northampton County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,732 people
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Wind Gap <6>

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Wind Gap

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Wind Gap

  • Richmond
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Richmond. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<7>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Richmond
    • Richmond is located in Northampton County

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Richmond

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Richmond

  • Brodheadsville
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Brodheadsville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<7>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brodheadsville
    • Brodheadsville is located in Monroe County
    • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Brodheadsville <6>

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Brodheadsville

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Brodheadsville

  • Vail
    (9 miles [14.5 km] to the east)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vail
    • Vail is located in Warren County (NJ)

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Vail

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Vail

  • Coolbaugh
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Coolbaugh. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<7>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Coolbaugh
    • Coolbaugh is located in Monroe County

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Coolbaugh

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Coolbaugh

  • McMichael
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McMichael
    • McMichael is located in Monroe County

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to McMichael

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to McMichael

  • Rossland
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rossland
    • Rossland is located in Monroe County

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Rossland

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Rossland

  • Paradise Valley
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paradise Valley
    • Paradise Valley is located in Monroe County

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Paradise Valley

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Paradise Valley

  • Belvidere
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belvidere
    • Belvidere is located in Warren County (NJ)
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 2,563 people

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Belvidere

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Belvidere

  • Mount Hermon
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Hermon
    • Mount Hermon is located in Warren County (NJ)

    Google driving directions:

    From your current location to Mount Hermon

    From the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery to Mount Hermon

For the full list of neighboring communities with details, please visit our extended List of Communities.

Nearby communities with newspapers ...

The following communities are those where newspapers have been published and are located in the vicinity of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery. Unless otherwise noted, the following communities are located in Monroe County.

More information can be found on our list of Local Newspapers for The Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.

We've listed the following communities alphabetically.

• Bangor
  • Bangor lies 6 miles [9.7 km]<2> to the South (S) of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.
  • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Bangor.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bangor
• Belvidere
  • Belvidere lies 11 miles [17.7 km]<2> to the Southeast (SE) of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.
  • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Belvidere.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belvidere
• Delaware Water Gap
  • Delaware Water Gap lies 3 miles [4.8 km]<2> to the East Northeast (ENE) of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.
  • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Delaware Water Gap.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delaware Water Gap
• East Stroudsburg
  • East Stroudsburg lies 3 miles [4.8 km]<2> to the North Northeast (NNE) of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.
  • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for East Stroudsburg.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Stroudsburg
• Pen Argyl
  • Pen Argyl lies 6 miles [9.7 km]<2> to the South Southwest (SSW) of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.
  • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Pen Argyl.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pen Argyl
• Stroudsburg
  • Stroudsburg lies 2 miles [3.2 km]<2> to the North Northeast (NNE) of the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery.
  • Jump to our list of Local Newspapers for Stroudsburg.
  • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stroudsburg

Websites to help with your research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their websites are open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that might help with the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery:

• Pages specific to Pennsylvania:
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
• Pages specific to Monroe County:
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
• Genealogy information for nearby counties:
  • Hunterdon County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Morris County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Somerset County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Sussex County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Warren County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Bucks County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Carbon County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Lackawanna County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Lehigh County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Luzerne County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Northampton County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Pike County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
  • Wayne County
  • Cyndi's List
  • Family Search
  • Genealogy Trails
• Cemetery Information and Directories:
  • From Cyndi's List:
  • Cemeteries of Pennsylvania
  • Cemeteries of Monroe County
  • Cemetery Junction:
  • Directory for Pennsylvania
  • From FamilySearch:
  • Cemeteries Wiki for Pennsylvania
  • From Interment.net:
  • Cemeteries of Pennsylvania
  • Cemeteries of Monroe
• About the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church ...
  • Although we don't have a link to the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery itself, you might be curious about the African Methodist Episcopal Church. See their website at:
  • The African Methodist Episcopal Church

Off-the-Road Links ...

The official website for Monroe County: www.co.monroe.pa.us/

The official website for Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: https://www.pa.gov/

Footnotes ...

<1>	If you're interested in how the shape of Pennsylvania's counties, including Monroe, have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
<2>	Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- ) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point at the Kellers Cherry Valley Cemetery. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 40.9601, Longitude: -75.2104
<3>	While we have an extensive database of cemeteries (with over 200,000 entries), you can be assured that it's not complete and our list will be missing cemeteries.
<4>	The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required.
<5>	The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<6>	While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<7>	An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace.