RoadsideThoughts
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Home >> State of North Carolina >> Nash County >> Old Spring Hope >> Genealogy HelperIndex...










Learn About
The Commemorative
Quarter for
North Carolina

The Commemorative Quarter for North Carolina





Our Genealogy Helper

Introduction ...

We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:

  • That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
  • We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
  • On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.

By learning about Old Spring Hope (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.

As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Old Spring Hope. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.

Name Variations for Old Spring Hope ...

When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.

Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might have occurred.

For example, a typical abbreviation for Old Spring Hope: Old Spg. Hope (or less commonly used: Old Spng. Hope or Old Sprng. Hope)

If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.

Neighboring Counties ...

When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.

For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.

So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.

Old Spring Hope is located in Nash County.

To see how the shape of North Carolina's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Nash County: Edgecombe, Franklin, Halifax, Johnston, Vance, Wake, Warren & Wilson.

Below are the counties that are near Old Spring Hope. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Old Spring Hope:

  • Nash County     (The home county of Old Spring Hope)
    • The following are listed by their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.
    • White Oak
      (Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for White Oak have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for White Oak
      • White Oak is located in Nash County
    • Lamm Crossroads
      (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lamm Crossroads have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lamm Crossroads
      • Lamm Crossroads is located in Nash County
    • Momeyer
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
    • Batchelor Crossroads
      (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
    • Spring Hope
      (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
    • Bass Crossroads
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
    • Floods Chapel
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Floods Chapel have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Floods Chapel
      • Floods Chapel is located in Nash County
    • Stanhope
      (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
    • Oakland
      (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Oakland. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakland
      • Oakland is located in Nash County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Oakland
      • From Old Spring Hope to Oakland
    • Strickland Crossroads
      (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Strickland Crossroads have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Strickland Crossroads
      • Strickland Crossroads is located in Nash County
    • Frazier Crossroads
      (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
    • Corinth
      (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Corinth have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Corinth
      • Corinth is located in Nash County
  • Edgecombe County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.
    • Sharpsburg
      (12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
    • Rocky Mount
      (14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
    • Battleboro
      (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
    • Lancaster
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lancaster have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lancaster
      • Lancaster is located in Edgecombe County
    • Mercer
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Mercer. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mercer
      • Mercer is located in Edgecombe County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Mercer
      • From Old Spring Hope to Mercer
    • Hartsboro
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
    • Hartsease
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
    • Whitakers
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Whitakers have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whitakers
      • Whitakers is located in Edgecombe County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 700 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Whitakers <3>
    • Pinetops
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
    • Gethsemane
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
    • Macclesfield
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
    • Henrietta
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Henrietta have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Henrietta
      • Henrietta is located in Edgecombe County
  • Franklin County
  • Greene County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.
    • Fieldsboro
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
    • Speights Bridge
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
    • Walstonburg
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
  • Halifax County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.
    • White Oak
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for White Oak have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for White Oak
      • White Oak is located in Halifax County
    • Ringwood
      (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Ringwood. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ringwood
      • Ringwood is located in Halifax County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Ringwood
      • From Old Spring Hope to Ringwood
    • Hollister
      (23 miles [37 km] to the north)
    • Brinkleyville
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
    • Enfield
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
    • Heathsville
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
  • Johnston County
  • Pitt County
    • Fountain
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Fountain have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fountain
      • Fountain is located in Pitt County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 439 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Fountain <3>
  • Vance County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.
    • Bobbitt
      (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Bobbitt. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bobbitt
      • Bobbitt is located in Vance County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Bobbitt
      • From Old Spring Hope to Bobbitt
    • Gill
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Gill. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gill
      • Gill is located in Vance County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Gill
      • From Old Spring Hope to Gill
    • Gillburg
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
    • Kittrell
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Kittrell have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kittrell
      • Kittrell is located in Vance County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 155 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Kittrell <3>
  • Wake County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.
    • Zebulon
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
    • Wendell
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
    • Eagle Rock
      (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
    • Rolesville
      (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rolesville have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rolesville
      • Rolesville is located in Wake County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 8,882 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Rolesville <3>
    • Shotwell
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
    • Forestville
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
    • Knightdale
      (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Knightdale have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Knightdale
      • Knightdale is located in Wake County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 18,122 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Knightdale <3>
    • Wyatt
      (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Wyatt. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wyatt
      • Wyatt is located in Wake County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Wyatt
      • From Old Spring Hope to Wyatt
    • Falls
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
      • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Falls. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Falls
      • Falls is located in Wake County
      • Google driving directions:
      • From your current location to Falls
      • From Old Spring Hope to Falls
    • Neuse
      (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
    • Skycrest Village
      (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Skycrest Village have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Skycrest Village
      • Skycrest Village is located in Wake County
  • Warren County
  • Wayne County
  • Wilson County
    • The following are listed by their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.
    • Sims
      (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
    • Elm City
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
    • Spring Lake
      (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Spring Lake have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spring Lake
      • Spring Lake is located in Wilson County
    • Wilson
      (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
    • Scotts
      (16 miles [25.7 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Scotts have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Scotts
      • Scotts is located in Wilson County
    • Eastwood
      (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
    • Lucama
      (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lucama have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lucama
      • Lucama is located in Wilson County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 1,155 people
      • Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Lucama <3>
    • Black Creek
      (20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Black Creek have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Black Creek
      • Black Creek is located in Wilson County
      • Population from the 2020 Census: 767 people
    • Saratoga
      (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
    • Stantonsburg
      (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)

For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Old Spring Hope, see our County-by-County Page for Old Spring Hope.

Cemeteries Near Old Spring Hope ...

Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Old Spring Hope.

This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.

If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).

If not found below, our Cemetery List for Old Spring Hope covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.

The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.

  • Meeks Cemetery
    (2 miles [3.2 km] to the west)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Meeks Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Meeks Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Oakdale Cemetery
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Oakdale Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Oakdale Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Spring Hope Memorial Cemetery
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
  • Oakland Cemetery
    (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Oakland Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Oakland Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Pleasant Grove Church Cemetery
    (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
  • Forest Hill Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Forest Hill Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Forest Hill Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Walker Cemetery
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Walker Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Walker Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Enroughty Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Enroughty Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Enroughty Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Rose Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Rose Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Rose Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Griffin Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Griffin Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Griffin Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Adams Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Adams Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Adams Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Hedgepeth Cemetery
    (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hedgepeth Cemetery
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Hedgepeth Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
  • Continue List   (204 more) ...
    • Bailey Cemetery
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Bailey Cemetery
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Bailey Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Hunt Cemetery
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hunt Cemetery
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Hunt Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Capps Cemetery
      (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
      • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Capps Cemetery
      • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Capps Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.

Nearby Communities in 1895 ...

We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>

While we didn't find Old Spring Hope in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Old Spring Hope.

These communities are listed based on their distance from Old Spring Hope, with the one closest to Old Spring Hope listed first.

  • Spring Hope
    (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
  • Stanhope
    (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
  • Oakland
    (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Oakland. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakland
    • Oakland is located in Nash County
    • Google driving directions:
    • From your current location to Oakland
    • From Old Spring Hope to Oakland
  • Nashville
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northeast)
  • Hunts
    (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hunts have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hunts
    • Hunts is located in Nash County
  • Union Hope
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
  • Dukes
    (10 miles [16.1 km] to the north)
    • Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Dukes. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<2>
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dukes
    • Dukes is located in Nash County
    • Google driving directions:
    • From your current location to Dukes
    • From Old Spring Hope to Dukes
  • Castalia
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the north)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Castalia have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Castalia
    • Castalia is located in Nash County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 273 people
  • Red Oak
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Red Oak have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Red Oak
    • Red Oak is located in Nash County
    • Population from the 2020 Census: 3,492 people
  • Justice
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
    • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Justice have been provided by the GNIS.<1> The coordinates still need to be verified.
    • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Justice
    • Justice is located in Franklin County
  • Sutton
    (11 miles [17.7 km] to the west)
  • Sharpsburg
    (12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
  • Continue List   (15 more) ...

We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Old Spring Hope. See our List of 1890's Communities around Old Spring Hope.

Newspapers Published in Old Spring Hope ...

An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).

To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.

Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 32 newspapers that have been published in the area around Old Spring Hope.

Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Old Spring Hope, there are papers which were published within 16 miles [25.7 km]<6>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Old Spring Hope.

Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...

When we do our genealogical research, we start with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.

To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Old Spring Hope:

Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Old Spring Hope. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.

The official website for Nash County: www.co.nash.nc.us/

The official website for State of North Carolina: https://www.nc.gov/

Footnotes ...

<1>The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required.
<2>An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace.
<3>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<4>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<5>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Old Spring Hope, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.
<6>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Old Spring Hope) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Old Spring Hope. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 35.9227, Longitude: -78.0510       In this case, the coordinates for Old Spring Hope have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).




 

Copyright 2025
All Rights Reserved

Thank you for visiting our website.

In closing, please keep in mind that we can not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of the information on this website, so use with care. We encourage you to double-check the information that is critical to you.

If you've found an error or have additional information that you would like to share, please don't hesitate to write: Click here to contact us.

This page was last modified/updated: 14 Jul 2025