Local Newspapers

Introduction ...

Below are the newspapers that have been published in the vicinity of Parkers Park.

Our newspaper information for Parkers Park is based on data taken from the Chronicling America website. For more information, please see our description of the Chronicling America website.

We don't know of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Parkers Park. That said, we do have a list of papers that were published in the broader area surrounding Parkers Park. Our list contains 82 papers that were published within 24 miles [38.6 km]<1> of Parkers Park.

To keep this list from growing too long, not all of the papers have been listed. We have another list where all the papers have been listed in alphabetical order. The complete list can be found on the Extended Newspaper Page for Parkers Park.

Newspapers Neighboring Parkers Park ...

The following newspapers were published within 24 miles [38.6 km] of Parkers Park.

The papers have been grouped by the community in which they were published, with the communities listed in order of their distance from Parkers Park.

Published In Hardin [Calhoun County] ...
- Calhoun County Democrat (from 1871)
  - Years of publication: 1871 to 1876
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Calhoun County Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85033718
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12207207
- Calhoun County Republican (from 190?)
  - Years of publication: 190? to 1915
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Calhoun County Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93055741
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28395878
- Calhoun County Union (from 1861)
  - Years of publication: 1861 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Calhoun County Union
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87082626
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15867851
- Calhoun Herald (from 1873)
  - Years of publication: 1873 to 1902
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Calhoun Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93055743
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28396197
- Calhoun Herald (from 190?)
  - Years of publication: 190? to 1997
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Calhoun Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93055746
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28396352
- Calhoun News-Herald (from 1997)
  - Years of publication: 1997 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Calhoun News-Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN98063202
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 38285014
- Calhoun Times-Herald (from 1902)
  - Years of publication: 1902 to 190?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Calhoun Times-Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93055745
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28396319
- The Calhoun News (from 1915)
  - Years of publication: 1915 to 1997
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Calhoun News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93055742
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28395918
- The Leader (from 189?)
  - The first year of publication was in 189?, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Leader
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93055747
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28395983
- The Republican (from 1901)
  - Years of publication: 1901 to 190?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93055740
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28395797
Published In Elsberry ...
- Elsberry Democrat (from 1900)
  - Years of publication: 1900 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Elsberry Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN78006124
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 4200679
Published In Troy ...
- Lincoln County News (from 1885)
  - Years of publication: 1885 to 1890
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Lincoln County News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061770
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21585846
- The Lincoln County Herald (from 1865)
  - Years of publication: 1865 to 1873
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: The Lincoln County Herald
  - Holdings: LCCN SN90061771
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21585814
  - ISSN Number: 2165-722x
- The Lincoln County Journal (from 1986)
  - Years of publication: 1986 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Lincoln County Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88002417
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18433752
- The Missouri Siftings (from 1914)
  - Years of publication: 1914 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Missouri Siftings
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93060248
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28516271
- The Troy Dispatch (from 1871)
  - Years of publication: 1871 to 1873
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Troy Dispatch
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85034150
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12497313
- The Troy Free Press And The Silex Index (from 1943)
  - Years of publication: 1943 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Troy Free Press And The Silex Index
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061774
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21585811
- The Troy Free Press (from 1878)
  - Years of publication: 1878 to 1943
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Troy Free Press
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061772
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21585787
- The Troy Gazette (from 1861)
  - Years of publication: 1861 to ????
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Troy Gazette
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN83025400
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 9424646
- The Troy Herald (from 1873)
  - Years of publication: 1873 to 1890
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: The Troy Herald
  - Holdings: LCCN SN86063984
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13745043
  - ISSN Number: 2165-8544
- The Troy Record (from 1900)
  - Years of publication: 1900 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Troy Record
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93060234
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28516280
Published In Grafton [Jersey County] ...
- Grafton Reporter (from 1849)
  - The first year of publication was in 1849, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Grafton Reporter
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054559
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 23198979
- The Backwoodsman (from 1837)
  - Years of publication: 1837 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Backwoodsman
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN82015345
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 8811085
- The Grafton Phoenix (from 1842)
  - Years of publication: 1842 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Grafton Phoenix
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN82015344
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 8808059
Published In O'Fallon [Saint Charles County] ...
- Katholischer Hausfreund (from 1883)
  - Years of publication: 1883 to 1895
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Katholischer Hausfreund
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86090982
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15278802
- O'Fallon Hausfreund (from 189?)
  - Years of publication: 189? to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the O'Fallon Hausfreund
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93059933
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 27716270
- O'Fallon St. Peters St. Charles Times (from 1977)
  - Years of publication: 1977 to 1978
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the O'Fallon St. Peters St. Charles Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061707
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21879352
- O'Fallon Times (from 1970)
  - Years of publication: 1970 to 1973
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the O'Fallon Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061705
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21879337
- O'Fallon, Mo Community News (from 1951)
  - Years of publication: 1951 to 1969
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the O'Fallon, Mo Community News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061704
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21879322
- O'Fallon-St. Peters Times (from 1973)
  - Years of publication: 1973 to 1977
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the O'Fallon-St. Peters Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061706
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21879346
Published In Lake Saint Louis [Saint Charles County] ...
- Lake Saint Louis News (from 1970)
  - Years of publication: 1970 to 1974
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Lake Saint Louis News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061145
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 20952324
- Lake Tide Press : News Of Lake Saint Louis (from 1974)
  - Years of publication: 1974 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Lake Tide Press : News Of Lake Saint Louis
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061144
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 20952342
- Lakeshore Times (from 1988)
  - Years of publication: 1988 to 1989
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Lakeshore Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061146
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 20952349
- The Times (from 1989)
  - Published during 1989
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061147
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 20952351
Published In Silex ...
- The Silex Index (from 1893)
  - Years of publication: 1893 to 1943
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Silex Index
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061773
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21585798
Published In Saint Charles [Saint Charles County] ...
- We know of 37 newspapers that have been published in the vicinity of Saint Charles. The list of those papers is too long to repeat here, but can be found on the Local Newspaper Page for Saint Charles
- We have an extended list that contains all the papers within 24 miles [38.6 km]<1> of Parkers Park. This extended list includes all the papers from Saint Charles. The list is sorted by the paper's name. This merged list can be found on the Extended Newspaper Page for Parkers Park
Published In Jerseyville [Jersey County] ...
- Democrat News American Journal (from 1985)
  - Published during 1985
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Democrat News American Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054758
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22966877
- Democrat News (from 1962)
  - Years of publication: 1962 to 1985
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Democrat News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054757
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22966176
- Jersey County Democrat-News (from 1939)
  - Years of publication: 1939 to 1962
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jersey County Democrat-News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054756
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22966110
- Jersey County Democrat (from 1865)
  - Years of publication: 1865 to 1939
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jersey County Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85033750
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12245164
- Jersey County Journal (from 2001)
  - Years of publication: 2001 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jersey County Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN 2010271263
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 605910620
- Jersey County News Jersey County Democrat (from 1939)
  - Published during 1939
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jersey County News Jersey County Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054755
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22966848
- Jersey County News (from 1927)
  - Years of publication: 1927 to 1939
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jersey County News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87082795
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15876691
- Jerseyville Prairie-State (from 1850)
  - Years of publication: 1850 to 1864
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jerseyville Prairie-State
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84038500
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11329913
- Jerseyville Republican (from 18??)
  - Years of publication: 18?? to 188?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jerseyville Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85033751
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12245171
- News Journal (from 1985)
  - Years of publication: 1985 to 1989
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the News Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054759
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22966222
- The Backwoodsman And Jersey And Greene Counties' Advertiser (from 1838)
  - Years of publication: 1838 to 184?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Backwoodsman And Jersey And Greene Counties' Advertiser
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054338
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 23039670
- The Daily Democrat (from 1896)
  - Years of publication: 1896 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Daily Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054760
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22966326
- The Democratic Union (from 1857)
  - The first year of publication was in 1857, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Democratic Union
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89080059
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22434541
- The Jersey County Star (from 1996)
  - Years of publication: 1996 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Jersey County Star
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN2004061959
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 56651708
- The Jersey Independent (from 18??)
  - Published during 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Jersey Independent
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054764
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 23026242
- The Jerseyville Examiner (from 1878)
  - Years of publication: 1878 to 188?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Jerseyville Examiner
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054761
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22965679
- The Prairie State (from 1850)
  - The first year of publication was in 1850, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Prairie State
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054763
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 23026106
- The Republican-Examiner (from 188?)
  - Years of publication: 188? to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Republican-Examiner
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86063864
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13519095
- The Western Monitor (from 1847)
  - The first year of publication was in 1847, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Western Monitor
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90054331
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 23026183
Published In Wright City [Warren County] ...
- Tri-County News (from 1936)
  - Years of publication: 1936 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Tri-County News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061927
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21768295
- Wright City News (from 1904)
  - Years of publication: 1904 to 1917
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Wright City News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90061918
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21768908
Published In Kane [Greene County] ...
- Kane Express (from 1873)
  - The first year of publication was in 1873, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Kane Express
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054792
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25065223
- The Kane Times (from 1874)
  - The first year of publication was in 1874, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Kane Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054788
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24840733
Published In Hawk Point ...
- Hawk Point Transcript (from 1912)
  - Years of publication: 1912 to 1917
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Hawk Point Transcript
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89067526
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 20738779
Published In Carrollton [Greene County] ...
- Carrollton Daily Gazette (from 18??)
  - Published during 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Carrollton Daily Gazette
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054759
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25065406
- Carrollton Democrat (from 1865)
  - The first year of publication was in 1865, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Carrollton Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054705
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24474484
- Carrollton Gazette (from 1846)
  - Years of publication: 1846 to 1954
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Carrollton Gazette
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84038370
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11285089
- Greene County Banner (from 1848)
  - The first year of publication was in 1848, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Greene County Banner
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87082625
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15867154
- Greene County Farm Bureau Newsletter (from ????)
  - Published during ????
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Greene County Farm Bureau Newsletter
  - Holdings for: LCCN 2012271001
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 773205220
- Illinois Carrollton Patriot (from 186?)
  - Years of publication: 186? to 187?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Illinois Carrollton Patriot
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054813
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25066086
- People's Advocate (from 1842)
  - The first year of publication was in 1842, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the People's Advocate
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054706
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24472545
- The Backwoodsman (from 1838)
  - The first year of publication was in 1838, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Backwoodsman
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87082764
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15869850
- The Carrollton Gazette-Patriot (from 1954)
  - Years of publication: 1954 to 2007
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Carrollton Gazette-Patriot
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054761
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25065764
- The Carrollton Patriot (from 1913)
  - Years of publication: 1913 to 1954
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Carrollton Patriot
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054808
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25065672
- The Carrollton Patriot (from 187?)
  - Years of publication: 187? to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Carrollton Patriot
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84038369
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11285115
- The Carrollton Press (from 1859)
  - Years of publication: 1859 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Carrollton Press
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93057100
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 28522812
- The Daily Fair Gazette (from 1879)
  - Years of publication: 1879 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Daily Fair Gazette
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054760
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25065358
- The Patriot (from 18??)
  - Years of publication: 18?? to 1913
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Patriot
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91054762
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 25065597
Published In Clarksville [Pike County] ...
- Clarksville Banner-Sentinel (from 1909)
  - Years of publication: 1909 to 1927
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Clarksville Banner-Sentinel
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89066393
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19865277
- Clarksville Piker (from 1903)
  - Years of publication: 1903 to 1917
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Clarksville Piker
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89066394
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19865283
- Clarksville Weekly Union (from 18??)
  - Years of publication: 18?? to 186?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Clarksville Weekly Union
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86054014
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14974918
- The Calumet Banner (from 1898)
  - Years of publication: 1898 to 1901
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Calumet Banner
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89066391
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19865268
- The Clarksville Banner (from 1901)
  - Years of publication: 1901 to 1909
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Clarksville Banner
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89066392
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19865275
- The Clarksville Sentinel (from 1866)
  - Years of publication: 1866 to 1899
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Clarksville Sentinel
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86054013
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14974902
- The Clarksville Sentinel (from 1928)
  - Years of publication: 1928 to 1950
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Clarksville Sentinel
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89066395
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19865291

Footnotes ...

<1>

Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Parkers Park) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Parkers Park. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 39.0437, Longitude: -90.7210 In this case, the coordinates for Parkers Park have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).