Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Walnut Ridge (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Walnut Ridge. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Name Variations for Walnut Ridge ...
When searching records, keep in mind that names and their spelling can change over time. Our sources include documents like maps, railroad schedules, Travel, Express and Shipping Guides. Many of these documents date from the 1800's and it's common to find spelling differences.
Although we can't give a definitive list, hopefully the following will give you a feel for the variations that might occur.
For example, a typical abbreviation for Walnut Ridge: Walnut Rdg. (or less commonly used: Walnut Rdge. or Walnut Ridg.)
You might be interested in other communities that are also named Walnut Ridge. More information can be found on our Tidbits & Trivia Page for Walnut Ridge.
If you have information about these names (such as the reason for the change, date of change, the origin of the name), please Contact Us.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Walnut Ridge is located in Jennings County.
To see how the shape of Indiana's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Jennings County: Bartholomew, Decatur, Jackson, Jefferson, Ripley & Scott.
Below are the counties that are near Walnut Ridge. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Walnut Ridge:
- Jennings County (The home county of Walnut Ridge)
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Grayford
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Grayford is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grayford
- San Jacinto
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- San Jacinto is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for San Jacinto
- Vernon
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Oakdale
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Oakdale is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakdale
- North Vernon
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Commiskey
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
- Butlerville
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Paris Crossing
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
- Paris Crossing is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paris Crossing
- Queensville
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the northwest)
- Queensville is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Queensville
- Four Corners
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
- Four Corners is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Four Corners
- Hayden
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the west)
- Hayden is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hayden
- Scipio
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
- Scipio is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Scipio
- Bartholomew County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Grammer
(18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
- Grammer is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grammer
- Elizabethtown
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
- Elizabethtown is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elizabethtown
- Population from the 2020 Census: 540 people
- Jonesville
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northwest)
- Newbern
(23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
- Newbern is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newbern
- Hartsville
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
- Hartsville is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hartsville
- Population from the 2020 Census: 404 people
- Jewell Village
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
- Jewell Village is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jewell Village
- Bethel Village
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Bethel Village is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bethel Village
- Petersville
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Petersville is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Petersville
- Garden City
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
- Garden City is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Garden City
- Rugby
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Rugby is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rugby
- Columbus
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- Hope
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Hope is located in Bartholomew County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hope
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,248 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Hope <1>
- Clark County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Nabb
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the south)
- Nabb is located in Clark County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nabb
- Marysville
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Marysville is located in Clark County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marysville
- Otto
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
- Otto is located in Clark County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otto
- New Washington
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
- New Washington is located in Clark County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Washington
- Underwood
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
- Underwood is located in Clark County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Underwood
- Bethlehem
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
- Otisco
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
- Otisco is located in Clark County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otisco
- Henryville
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
- Vesta
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Vesta is located in Clark County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vesta
- Dearborn County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Dillsboro
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Moores Hill
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Sparta
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Sparta is located in Dearborn County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sparta
- Decatur County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Harper
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Harper is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harper
- Sardinia
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
- Sardinia is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sardinia
- Alert
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Alert is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Alert
- Westport
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Westport is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westport
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,416 people
- Millhousen
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
- Millhousen is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millhousen
- Population from the 2020 Census: 130 people
- Letts Corner
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Letts Corner is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letts Corner
- Letts
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
- Letts is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Letts
- Harris City
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
- Harris City is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Harris City
- Smyrna
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
- Smyrna is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smyrna
- Burney
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Burney is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burney
- Knarr Corner
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
- Knarr Corner is located in Decatur County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Knarr Corner
- Greensburg
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
- Jackson County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Fleming
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the west)
- Fleming is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fleming
- Kriete Corner
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
- Kriete Corner is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kriete Corner
- Crothersville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
- Retreat
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
- Retreat is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Retreat
- Seymour
(18 miles [29 km] to the west)
- Dudleytown
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Dudleytown is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dudleytown
- Cortland
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
- Cortland is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cortland
- New Elizabethtown
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
- New Elizabethtown is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Elizabethtown
- Brownstown
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
- Spraytown
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
- Spraytown is located in Jackson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spraytown
- Vallonia
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
- Freetown
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
- Jefferson County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Dupont
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Middlefork
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- Middlefork is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Middlefork
- Bryantsburg
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the east)
- Bryantsburg is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bryantsburg
- Smyrna
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
- Smyrna is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smyrna
- Deputy
(10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
- Kent
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Kent is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kent
- Canaan
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the east)
- Canaan is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canaan
- Madison
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- Hanover
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Manville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
- Manville is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Manville
- Chelsea
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
- Chelsea is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chelsea
- Brooksburg
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Brooksburg is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brooksburg
- Population from the 2020 Census: 80 people
- Ohio County
- Bear Branch
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
- Bear Branch is located in Ohio County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bear Branch
- Parke County
- Stumptown
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Stumptown is located in Parke County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stumptown
- Ripley County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Holton
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
- Cross Plains
(18 miles [29 km] to the east)
- Cross Plains is located in Ripley County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cross Plains
- Otter Village
(18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
- Otter Village is located in Ripley County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otter Village
- Osgood
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- Versailles
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- Friendship
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Napoleon
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Delaware
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Delaware is located in Ripley County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Delaware
- Pierceville
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Pierceville is located in Ripley County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pierceville
- Lookout
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Lookout is located in Ripley County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lookout
- Milan
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Stumpke Corner
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Stumpke Corner is located in Ripley County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stumpke Corner
- Scott County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Blocher
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Blocher is located in Scott County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Blocher
- Albion
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
- Albion is located in Scott County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Albion
- Austin
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Lexington
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
- Goshen
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Goshen is located in Scott County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Goshen
- Marshfield
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Marshfield is located in Scott County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marshfield
- Scottsburg
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
- Switzerland County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Avonburg
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Avonburg is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Avonburg
- Pleasant
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Pleasant is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pleasant
- Bennington
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Bennington is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bennington
- Moorefield
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Moorefield is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Moorefield
- Lamb
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Lamb is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lamb
- Mount Sterling
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Mount Sterling is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Sterling
- Allensville
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- Allensville is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Allensville
- Vevay
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- East Enterprise
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
- East Enterprise is located in Switzerland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Enterprise
- Washington County
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Little York
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
- Little York is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Little York
- Population from the 2020 Census: 191 people
- Bartle
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Bartle is located in Washington County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bartle
- Carroll County (KY)
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Locust
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
- Locust is located in Carroll County (KY)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Locust
- Prestonville
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Prestonville is located in Carroll County (KY)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Prestonville
- Population from the 2020 Census: 160 people
- Carrollton
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
- Ghent
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- English
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- English is located in Carroll County (KY)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for English
- Langstaff
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Langstaff is located in Carroll County (KY)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Langstaff
- Trimble County (KY)
- The following are listed by their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Milton
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
- Trout
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
- Trout is located in Trimble County (KY)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Trout
- Mount Pleasant
(23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
- Mount Pleasant is located in Trimble County (KY)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Pleasant
- Bedford
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Walnut Ridge, see our County-by-County Page for Walnut Ridge.
Cemeteries Near Walnut Ridge ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Walnut Ridge.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Walnut Ridge - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Walnut Ridge covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Callicotte Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the east)
- Hughes Cemetery
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
- Ebenezer Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Hopewell Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
- Bland Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bland Cemetery
- The Bland Cemetery has also been known as:
- Sullivan Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #84361 <2>
- Vernon Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Baldwin Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Nelson Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Bethel Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Green Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the west)
- Clashman Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Ogden Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Continue List (351 more) ...
- College Hill Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Hopewell Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Stewart Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the west)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>
While we didn't find Walnut Ridge in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Walnut Ridge.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Walnut Ridge, with the one closest to Walnut Ridge listed first.
- Grayford
(2 miles [3.2 km] to the north)
- Grayford is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Grayford
- Dupont
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- San Jacinto
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- San Jacinto is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for San Jacinto
- Lovett
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Lovett is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lovett
- Vernon
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Commiskey
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
- Lancaster
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
- Lancaster is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lancaster
- Middlefork
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- Middlefork is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Middlefork
- Oakdale
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Oakdale is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakdale
- North Vernon
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Butlerville
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the north)
- Paris Crossing
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
- Paris Crossing is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paris Crossing
- Continue List (13 more) ...
- Paris
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
- Paris is located in Jennings County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paris
- Volga
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
- Volga is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Volga
- Wirt
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
- Wirt is located in Jefferson County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wirt
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Walnut Ridge. See our List of 1890's Communities around Walnut Ridge.
Newspapers Published in Walnut Ridge ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 114 newspapers that have been published in the area around Walnut Ridge.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Walnut Ridge, there are papers which were published within 20 miles [32.2 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Walnut Ridge.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Walnut Ridge:
- Websites specific to Indiana
- Pages specific to Jennings County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Bartholomew County
- Clark County
- Dearborn County
- Decatur County
- Jackson County
- Jefferson County
- Ohio County
- Parke County
- Ripley County
- Scott County
- Switzerland County
- Washington County
- Carroll County
- Trimble County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for Indiana
Footnotes ...
| <1> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <2> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
| <3> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Walnut Ridge, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <4> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Walnut Ridge) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |