Local Newspapers

Introduction ...

Below are the newspapers that have been published in the vicinity of Brownstown.

Our newspaper information for Brownstown is based on data taken from the Chronicling America website. For more information, please see our description of the Chronicling America website.

The following list contains the names of 10 papers that were published in the immediate area of Brownstown. In addition, the list contains another 75 papers that were published in the broader area that surrounded Brownstown. In total, we've identified 85 papers within 24 miles [38.6 km]<1> of Brownstown.

Newspapers Published In Brownstown ...

We know of 10 newspapers that have been published in the immediate area of Brownstown:

Jackson County Advocate (from 1849)
- Years of publication: 1849 to 1851
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Jackson County Advocate
- Holdings for: LCCN SN85047986
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12279400
Round Loose (from 1865)
- Years of publication: 1865 to 18??
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Round Loose
- Holdings for: LCCN SN84045588
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11503082
The Banner (from 1980)
- Years of publication: 1980 to 1989
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Banner
- Holdings for: LCCN SN85047994
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12255409
The Brownstown Banner (from 1869)
- Years of publication: 1869 to 1980
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Brownstown Banner
- Holdings for: LCCN SN82014098
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 8769466
The Daily Budget (from 1879)
- Published during 1879
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Daily Budget
- Holdings for: LCCN SN85047982
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12278359
The Daily Bulletin (from 1878)
- Published during 1878
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Daily Bulletin
- Holdings for: LCCN SN85047984
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12279217
The Jackson County Banner (from 1990)
- Years of publication: 1990 to current
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Jackson County Banner
- Holdings for: LCCN SN90099341
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 21962137
The Jackson Union (from 1858)
- Years of publication: 1858 to 1867
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Jackson Union
- Holdings for: LCCN SN85047988
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12279687
The Local Opinion (from 1877)
- Years of publication: 1877 to 187?
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for The Local Opinion
- Holdings for: LCCN SN85047989
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12279523
Tri-Weekly Budget (from 1879)
- Published during 1879
- Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
- Catalog Card for the Tri-Weekly Budget
- Holdings for: LCCN SN85047983
- Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12279037

Newspapers Neighboring Brownstown ...

The following newspapers were published within 24 miles [38.6 km]<1> of Brownstown.

The papers have been grouped by the community in which they were published, with the communities listed in order of their distance from Brownstown.

Published In English ...
- The English News (from 1893)
  - Years of publication: 1893 to 1951
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The English News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047966
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12197897
- The News-Messenger (from 1952)
  - Years of publication: 1952 to 1991
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The News-Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047967
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12198004
Published In Marengo ...
- Hard Times (from 1979)
  - Years of publication: 1979 to 1980
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Hard Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047970
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12198798
- Marengo Post (from 1890)
  - The first year of publication was in 1890, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Marengo Post
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN89058391
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19279726
- The Marengo Messenger (from 1929)
  - Years of publication: 1929 to 1951
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Marengo Messenger
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047971
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12198839
- The Marengo Observer (from 1886)
  - Years of publication: 1886 to 192?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Marengo Observer
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047973
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12198957
Published In Paoli [Orange County] ...
- Indiana Patriot (from 1833)
  - Years of publication: 1833 to 1836
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Indiana Patriot
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN82014824
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 8804971
- Paoli News-Republican (from 2010)
  - Years of publication: 2010 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Paoli News-Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN 2010271000
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 501315302
- Paoli Weekly News (from 1872)
  - Years of publication: 1872 to 1893
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Paoli Weekly News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84037993
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11171499
- The American Eagle (from 1848)
  - Years of publication: 1848 to 1874
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The American Eagle
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN82016340
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 9295049
- The Paoli News (from 1893)
  - Years of publication: 1893 to 2010
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Paoli News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047962
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12181980
- The Paoli Republican (from 187?)
  - Years of publication: 187? to 2010
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Paoli Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047964
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12182297
- The Republican (from 1875)
  - Years of publication: 1875 to ????
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84037994
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11171555
- The Republican (from 1875)
  - Years of publication: 1875 to 187?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047963
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12182071
- The Telegraph (from 1847)
  - Years of publication: 1847 to 1848
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Telegraph
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047957
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12180469
- The Torch-Light (from 1837)
  - Years of publication: 1837 to 1838
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Torch-Light
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN82006506
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 8804325
- The True American And Agricultural Register (from 1841)
  - Years of publication: 1841 to 1842
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The True American And Agricultural Register
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047959
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12181589
- The True American (from 1839)
  - Years of publication: 1839 to 1841
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The True American
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047958
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12181423
- The True American (from 1842)
  - Years of publication: 1842 to 184?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The True American
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047960
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12181722
Published In French Lick [Orange County] ...
- Springs Valley Herald (from 1903)
  - Years of publication: 1903 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Springs Valley Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047956
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12180220
Published In Leavenworth ...
- The Crawford County Herald (from 1879)
  - Years of publication: 1879 to 1880
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Crawford County Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047969
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12198513
- The Leavenworth Independent (from 1869)
  - Years of publication: 1869 to 1874
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Leavenworth Independent
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84027511
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11176458
- Weekly Register (from 1896)
  - Years of publication: 1896 to 190?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Weekly Register
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047968
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12198732
Published In Fredericksburg [Washington County] ...
- The Blue River Gazette (from 1894)
  - Years of publication: 1894 to 1921
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Blue River Gazette
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058404
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13348719
Published In Palmyra [Harrison County] ...
- The Palmyra Gazette (from 1921)
  - Years of publication: 1921 to 1954
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Palmyra Gazette
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048007
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12560152
Published In Campbellsburg [Washington County] ...
- Campbellsburg News (from 1878)
  - The first year of publication was in 1878, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Campbellsburg News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN96069506
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 34525586
- The Campbellsburg Graphic (from 1901)
  - Years of publication: 1901 to 1933
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Campbellsburg Graphic
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048005
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12319460
- The Graphic (from 1888)
  - Years of publication: 1888 to 1901
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Graphic
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048004
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12319240
Published In Ferdinand [Dubois County] ...
- The Ferdinand News (from 1906)
  - Years of publication: 1906 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Ferdinand News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058769
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14223143
Published In Corydon [Harrison County] ...
- Clarion News (from 1992)
  - Years of publication: 1992 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Clarion News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN93049023
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 29431225
- Corydon Press, And Anti-Masonic Democrat (from 1829)
  - Years of publication: 1829 to 1831
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Corydon Press, And Anti-Masonic Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048067
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12562280
- Farmers Advocate (from 1892)
  - Years of publication: 1892 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Farmers Advocate
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048073
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12560233
- Harrison County Democrat (from 1886)
  - Years of publication: 1886 to 188?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Harrison County Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056177
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411537
- Harrison County Press (from 1971)
  - Years of publication: 1971 to 1986
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Harrison County Press
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048070
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12562037
- Harrison Gazette (from 1842)
  - Years of publication: 1842 to 1851
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Harrison Gazette
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048071
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12560808
- Republican (from 1970)
  - Years of publication: 1970 to 1971
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056334
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16507506
- The Corydon Argus (from 18??)
  - Published during 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Argus
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056167
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411586
- The Corydon Comet (from 1892)
  - Years of publication: 1892 to 189?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Comet
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056171
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411603
- The Corydon Cricket (from 1878)
  - Years of publication: 1878 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Cricket
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056172
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411661
- The Corydon Democrat (from 1865)
  - Years of publication: 1865 to 1878
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84027297
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11010941
- The Corydon Democrat (from 1879)
  - Years of publication: 1879 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048065
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12562758
- The Corydon Republican (from 1868)
  - Years of publication: 1868 to 188?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84027296
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11010296
- The Corydon Republican (from 1908)
  - Years of publication: 1908 to 1970
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87060000
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15033820
- The Corydon Weekly Democrat (from 1858)
  - Years of publication: 1858 to 1865
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Weekly Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84023898
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11057583
- The Corydon Whig (from 1840)
  - Years of publication: 1840 to 1841
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Corydon Whig
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056175
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411741
- The Democratic News (from 1899)
  - The first year of publication was in 1899, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Democratic News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056176
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411467
- The Democrat (from 1878)
  - Years of publication: 1878 to 1879
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048066
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12562710
- The Harrison County News (from 1881)
  - Years of publication: 1881 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Harrison County News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056178
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411444
- The Harrison Democrat (from 1856)
  - Years of publication: 1856 to 1858
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Harrison Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048064
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12562386
- The Investigator (from 1835)
  - Years of publication: 1835 to 1840
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Investigator
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN82015352
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 8808023
- The Night Hawk (from 1895)
  - The first year of publication was in 1895, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Night Hawk
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN87056173
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 16411784
- The Paper (from 1975)
  - Years of publication: 1975 to 1980
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Paper
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048068
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12562181
- The Republican (from 188?)
  - Years of publication: 188? to 1908
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048069
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12561877
- The Western Argus (from 1851)
  - Years of publication: 1851 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Western Argus
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85048072
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12561508
Published In Jasper [Dubois County] ...
- Jasper Democrat (from 1857)
  - Years of publication: 1857 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Jasper Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85047524
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11850464
- The Dubois County Daily Herald (from 1946)
  - Years of publication: 1946 to 1977
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Dubois County Daily Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84045429
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11329796
- The Herald (from 1977)
  - Years of publication: 1977 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058773
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14227360
- The Jasper Herald (from 1895)
  - Years of publication: 1895 to 1946
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Jasper Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84045428
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11329753
- The Jasper Weekly Courier (from 1858)
  - Years of publication: 1858 to 1922
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: The Jasper Weekly Courier
  - Holdings: LCCN SN84023963
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11102989
  - ISSN Number: 2328-7691
- The Jasper Weekly Courier (from 1858)
  - Years of publication: 1858 to 1922
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Jasper Weekly Courier
  - Holdings for: LCCN 2013218766
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 841371138
Published In Mitchell [Lawrence County] ...
- Mitchell Republican (from 18??)
  - Years of publication: 18?? to ????
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Mitchell Republican
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN99063507
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 42205316
- Mitchell Tribune (from 2003)
  - Years of publication: 2003 to 2005
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Mitchell Tribune
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN2005062609
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 57760764
- The Lawrence County News (from 1885)
  - Years of publication: 1885 to 189?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Lawrence County News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058471
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13449887
- The Mitchell Commercial And Lawrence County News (from 189?)
  - Published during 189?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Commercial And Lawrence County News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058470
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13449922
- The Mitchell Commercial (from 1866)
  - Years of publication: 1866 to 1892
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Commercial
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84037952
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11165904
- The Mitchell Commercial (from 189?)
  - Years of publication: 189? to 1921
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Commercial
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84045470
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11377817
- The Mitchell Democrat (from 1892)
  - Years of publication: 1892 to 189?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058475
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13451411
- The Mitchell Enterprise (from 1876)
  - Years of publication: 1876 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Enterprise
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84037953
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11165934
- The Mitchell Enterprise (from 1874)
  - Years of publication: 1874 to 187?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Enterprise
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058476
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13451313
- The Mitchell Review (from 1890)
  - The first year of publication was in 1890, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Review
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058479
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13451444
- The Mitchell Star (from 1875)
  - Years of publication: 1875 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Star
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058117
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14202873
- The Mitchell Times (from 1887)
  - Years of publication: 1887 to 1884
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058451
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13449524
- The Mitchell Tribune (from 1899)
  - Years of publication: 1899 to 2000
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mitchell Tribune
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058473
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13451335
- The News Flash (from 1935)
  - Years of publication: 1935 to 193?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The News Flash
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86058472
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13451385
- The Tribune (from 2000)
  - Years of publication: 2000 to 2002
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Tribune
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN00065013
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 44728874

Footnotes ...

<1>

Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Brownstown) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Brownstown. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 38.3809, Longitude: -86.5030 In this case, the coordinates for Brownstown have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).