Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Shaker Pines (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Shaker Pines. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northwest corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the west. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the west contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Shaker Pines is located in Hartford County .
To see how the shape of Connecticut's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries .
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Hartford County : Litchfield , Middlesex , New Haven , New London , Tolland & Hampden (MA) .
Below are the counties that are near Shaker Pines. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Shaker Pines:
Hartford County (The home county of Shaker Pines)
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Sherwood Manor (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
Sherwood Manor is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sherwood Manor Hazardville (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
Hazardville is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hazardville Enfield (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
Enfield (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
Enfield is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enfield Population from the 2020 Census: 43,559 people
Thompsonville (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
Thompsonville is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thompsonville Southwood Acres (4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
Southwood Acres is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southwood Acres Suffield Depot (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
Suffield Depot is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Suffield Depot Suffield (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
Broad Brook (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
East Windsor (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
East Windsor is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Windsor Population from the 2020 Census: 11,654 people
Mill Pond Village (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
Mill Pond Village is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mill Pond Village Green Manor Village (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
Green Manor Village is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Green Manor Village Rising Corner (8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
Rising Corner is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rising Corner
Litchfield County
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Hampsted (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
Hampsted is located in Litchfield County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hampsted Barkhamsted (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
Barkhamsted (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
Barkhamsted is located in Litchfield County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Barkhamsted Population from the 2020 Census: 3,587 people
New Hartford (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
Pine Meadow (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
Puddle Town (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
Puddle Town is located in Litchfield County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Puddle Town Pleasant Valley (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
Riverton (25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
Browns Corner (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
Browns Corner is located in Litchfield County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Browns Corner Nepaug (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
Nepaug is located in Litchfield County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nepaug New Hartford (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
New Hartford is located in Litchfield County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Hartford Population from the 2020 Census: 6,639 people
Torrington (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
Torrington is located in Litchfield County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Torrington Population from the 2020 Census: 33,870 people
Winsted (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
Middlesex County
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Cromwell (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
Cromwell is located in Middlesex County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cromwell Population from the 2020 Census: 13,772 people
Lake Pocotopaug (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
Lake Pocotopaug is located in Middlesex County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lake Pocotopaug Portland (29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
Portland is located in Middlesex County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Portland Population from the 2020 Census: 9,213 people
Cromwell (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
Gildersleeve (30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
Gildersleeve is located in Middlesex County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gildersleeve
New London County
Liberty Hill (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
Liberty Hill is located in New London County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Liberty Hill
Tolland County
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Somersville (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
Somers (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
Somers is located in Tolland County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Somers Population from the 2020 Census: 10,741 people
Somers (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
Ellington (8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
Ellington is located in Tolland County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ellington Population from the 2020 Census: 16,652 people
Ellington (9 miles [14.5 km] to the south)
Windermere (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
Windermere is located in Tolland County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Windermere Crystal Lake (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
Crystal Lake is located in Tolland County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crystal Lake Stafford (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
Stafford is located in Tolland County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stafford Population from the 2020 Census: 11,834 people
State Line (11 miles [17.7 km] to the east)
State Line is located in Tolland County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for State Line Quarryville (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
Quarryville is located in Tolland County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Quarryville Rockville (12 miles [19.3 km] to the southeast)
Stafford (13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
Stafford Springs (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
Windham County
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Westford (20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
Westford is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Westford Ashford (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
Ashford is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashford Population from the 2020 Census: 4,246 people
West Ashford (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
West Ashford is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Ashford Warrenville (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
Warrenville is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Warrenville Ashford (23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
Eastford (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
Eastford is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eastford Population from the 2020 Census: 1,800 people
Woodstock Valley (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
Eastford (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
West Woodstock (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
West Woodstock is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Woodstock Woodstock (26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
Woodstock is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodstock Population from the 2020 Census: 7,834 people
Chaplin (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
Chaplin is located in Windham County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chaplin Population from the 2020 Census: 2,232 people
Chaplin (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
North Windham (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
Berkshire County (MA)
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
East Otis (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
East Otis is located in Berkshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Otis Otis (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
Otis is located in Berkshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Otis Population from the 2020 Census: 1,531 people
Franklin County (MA)
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Smiths ‑ Historic(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
Smiths is located in Franklin County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Smiths Whately (28 miles [45.1 km] to the north)
Whately is located in Franklin County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whately Population from the 2020 Census: 1,583 people
Leverett (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
Leverett is located in Franklin County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Leverett Population from the 2020 Census: 1,836 people
Shutesbury (29 miles [46.7 km] to the north)
Shutesbury is located in Franklin County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shutesbury Population from the 2020 Census: 1,753 people
Sunderland (30 miles [48.3 km] to the north)
Sunderland is located in Franklin County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunderland Population from the 2020 Census: 3,634 people
Hampden County (MA)
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
East Longmeadow (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
East Longmeadow is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Longmeadow Population from the 2020 Census: 16,093 people
Longmeadow (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
Longmeadow is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Longmeadow Population from the 2020 Census: 15,624 people
Baptist Village (3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
Baptist Village is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Baptist Village Agawam (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
Agawam is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Agawam Population from the 2020 Census: 28,467 people
Hampden (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
Hampden is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hampden Population from the 2020 Census: 5,154 people
Springfield (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
Springfield is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Springfield Population from the 2020 Census: 152,646 people
Merrick (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
Merrick is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Merrick West Springfield (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northwest)
West Springfield is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Springfield Population from the 2020 Census: 28,397 people
Feeding Hills (7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
Feeding Hills is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Feeding Hills Indian Orchard (8 miles [12.9 km] to the north)
Indian Orchard is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Indian Orchard Wilbraham (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
Wilbraham is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wilbraham Population from the 2020 Census: 14,670 people
Chicopee (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
Chicopee is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chicopee Population from the 2020 Census: 54,825 people
Hosmer Corner (9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
Hosmer Corner is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hosmer Corner
Hampshire County (MA)
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Granby (15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
Granby is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Granby Population from the 2020 Census: 6,262 people
South Hadley (16 miles [25.7 km] to the north)
South Hadley is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Hadley Population from the 2020 Census: 17,539 people
Bondsville (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
Bondsville is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bondsville Easthampton (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
Easthampton is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Easthampton Population from the 2020 Census: 15,750 people
Southampton (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
Southampton is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southampton Population from the 2020 Census: 6,162 people
Belchertown (18 miles [29 km] to the north)
Belchertown is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belchertown Population from the 2020 Census: 15,103 people
Mount Tom (18 miles [29 km] to the north)
Mount Tom is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Tom Bay State (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
Bay State is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bay State Hadley (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
Hadley is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hadley Population from the 2020 Census: 5,327 people
Northampton (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
Northampton is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Northampton Population from the 2020 Census: 28,362 people
South Amherst (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
South Amherst is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Amherst West Farms (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
West Farms is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Farms Enfield ‑ Historic(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
Enfield is located in Hampshire County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Enfield
Worcester County (MA)
The following are listed by their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
West Warren (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
West Warren is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Warren Warren (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
Warren is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Warren Population from the 2020 Census: 5,203 people
Fiskdale (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
Fiskdale is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fiskdale Old Sturbridge Village (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
Old Sturbridge Village is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Old Sturbridge Village Sturbridge (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
Sturbridge is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sturbridge Population from the 2020 Census: 9,561 people
West Brookfield (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
West Brookfield is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Brookfield Population from the 2020 Census: 3,713 people
Globe Village (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
Globe Village is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Globe Village Southbridge (25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
Southbridge is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southbridge Population from the 2020 Census: 16,788 people
Brookfield (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
Brookfield is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brookfield Population from the 2020 Census: 3,439 people
Gilbertville (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
Gilbertville is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gilbertville Greenwich ‑ Historic(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
Greenwich is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greenwich Greenwich Village ‑ Historic(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Greenwich Village is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greenwich Village East Brookfield (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
East Brookfield is located in Worcester County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Brookfield Population from the 2020 Census: 2,196 people
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Shaker Pines, see our County-by-County Page for Shaker Pines .
Cemeteries Near Shaker Pines ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Shaker Pines.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know . If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Shaker Pines - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Shaker Pines covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
St. Bernard's Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
Jump to our Gazetteer entry for St. Bernard's Cemetery To give a relative sense of its location, the St. Bernard's Cemetery is located outside and to the northeast of Hazardville . Billings Hill Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
Longmeadow Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
Thompsonville Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
Enfield Street Cemetery (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
Cherry Lane Cemetery (4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
Massachusetts Veterans Memorial Cemetery (4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
Woodlawn Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
Springfield Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
West Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
New West Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
North Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Cemetery To give a relative sense of its location, the North Cemetery is a large cemetery that is located less than 2 miles<4> to the north of Somers . Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #103521 <3>
Continue List (428 more) ...
Gate of Heaven Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
Kesser Israel Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
North Cemetery (5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>
While we didn't find Shaker Pines in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Shaker Pines.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Shaker Pines, with the one closest to Shaker Pines listed first.
Enfield (2 miles [3.2 km] to the southwest)
Hazardville (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
Hazardville is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hazardville East Longmeadow (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
East Longmeadow is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Longmeadow Population from the 2020 Census: 16,093 people
Longmeadow (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northwest)
Longmeadow is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Longmeadow Population from the 2020 Census: 15,624 people
Thompsonville (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
Thompsonville is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thompsonville Scitico (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
Scitico is located in Hartford County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Scitico Somersville (4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
Agawam (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
Agawam is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Agawam Population from the 2020 Census: 28,467 people
Somers (5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
Athol Junction (6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
Athol Junction is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Athol Junction Suffield (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
Warehouse Point Station (6 miles [9.7 km] to the southwest)
Continue List (15 more) ...
Melrose (6 miles [9.7 km] to the south)
Springfield (6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
Springfield is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Springfield Population from the 2020 Census: 152,646 people
Hampden (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
Hampden is located in Hampden County (MA) Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hampden Population from the 2020 Census: 5,154 people
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Shaker Pines. See our List of 1890's Communities around Shaker Pines .
Newspapers Published in Shaker Pines ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP) .
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 51 newspapers that have been published in the area around Shaker Pines.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Shaker Pines, there are papers which were published within 13 miles [20.9 km]<4> . A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Shaker Pines.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These professional and volunteer websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Shaker Pines:
Websites specific to Connecticut
Pages specific to Hartford County
Genealogy information for nearby counties
Litchfield County
Middlesex County
New London County
Tolland County
Windham County
Berkshire County
Franklin County
Hampden County
Hampshire County
Worcester County
Cemetery Information and Directories for Connecticut
Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Shaker Pines. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page .
The official website for State of Connecticut: https://portal.ct.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>The Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) has created and maintains a database of historic properties that is called MACRIS (for the Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System ). More information about the MHC and MACRIS can be found on their website: mhc-macris.net . When visiting the MACRIS website, you might encounter their page requiring the 'Acceptance of Terms'. With your acceptance, you'll be transfered to the desired page.
<3>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com .
<4>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Shaker Pines) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.
<5>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Shaker Pines, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.