RoadsideThoughts
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Home >> State of Washington >> Lincoln County >> Sprague >> Nearby CommunitiesIndex...










Learn About
The Commemorative
Quarter for
Washington


The Commemorative Quarter for Washington







Nearest Communities to Sprague,
Listed County-By-County

The purpose of this page is to identify those communities that are closest to Sprague, on a County-by-County basis. To explain further, let's use the example from the Genealogy Helper Page for Sprague:

We have great-grandparents who lived in a small city in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.

When doing our research, we make it a practice to expand our search by looking in neighboring counties in addition to the county in which they lived:  their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't checked the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.

Keep in mind that when we give a distance, it's a 'straight-line' distance from Sprague.<1>

If you're researching your genealogy, we hope that the following information helps.


Sprague is located in Lincoln County.

The following 7 counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Lincoln County: Adams, Ferry, Grant, Okanogan, Spokane, Stevens & Whitman.

Our Gazetteer shows that there are 90 communities within 40 miles [64.4 km]<1> of Sprague. Of these communities, 70 are located in counties other than Lincoln County.

We usually exclude communities where we still need to verify their location,<2> but for the purpose of this page, we have included the unverified ('unver') and historic ('hist') communities.

After starting with the home county for Sprague (which is Lincoln County), we list the counties in alphabetical order and for each of those counties, the closest communities are listed in order of their distance from Sprague

For the following list, only those counties that contain communities within 40 miles [64.4 km] are displayed.

  • Lincoln County   (where Sprague resides)
    • County Seat for Lincoln:   Davenport
    • Genealogy Websites   ...
    • Nearest Communities to Sprague   ...
      • These communities are listed by their distance from Sprague.
      • Croskey
        (6 miles [9.7 km] to the east)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Croskey have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Croskey
        • Croskey is located in Lincoln County
      • Fishtrap
        (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Fishtrap have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fishtrap
        • Fishtrap is located in Lincoln County
      • Canby
        (13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Canby have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Canby
        • Canby is located in Lincoln County
      • Edwall
        (14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
      • Waukon
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Waukon have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waukon
        • Waukon is located in Lincoln County
      • Wheeler Corner
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Wheeler Corner have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wheeler Corner
        • Wheeler Corner is located in Lincoln County
      • Bluestem
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bluestem
        • Bluestem is located in Lincoln County
      • Harrington
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
      • Mohler
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mohler
        • Mohler is located in Lincoln County
      • Downs
        (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Downs have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Downs
        • Downs is located in Lincoln County
      • Elanor
        (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Elanor have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elanor
        • Elanor is located in Lincoln County
      • Omans
        (21 miles [33.8 km] to the north)
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Omans
        • Omans is located in Lincoln County
      • Continue List   (8 more) ...
        • Gravelles
          (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gravelles have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gravelles
          • Gravelles is located in Lincoln County
        • Lamona
          (23 miles [37 km] to the west)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lamona have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lamona
          • Lamona is located in Lincoln County
        • Davenport
          (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
        • Reardan
          (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
        • Earl
          (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Earl have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Earl
          • Earl is located in Lincoln County
        • Mondovi
          (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mondovi
          • Mondovi is located in Lincoln County
        • Rocklyn
          (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rocklyn have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rocklyn
          • Rocklyn is located in Lincoln County
        • Nemo
          (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Nemo have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nemo
          • Nemo is located in Lincoln County
  • Adams County
    • County Website:   www.co.adams.wa.us/
    • County Seat for Adams:   Ritzville
    • Genealogy Websites   ...
    • Nearest Communities to Sprague   ...
      • These communities are listed by their distance from Sprague.
      • Palm Lake
        (5 miles [8 km] to the south)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Palm Lake have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Palm Lake
        • Palm Lake is located in Adams County
      • Pifer
        (5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pifer have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pifer
        • Pifer is located in Adams County
      • Keystone
        (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Keystone have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Keystone
        • Keystone is located in Adams County
      • Rockwell
        (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rockwell have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rockwell
        • Rockwell is located in Adams County
      • Ashby
        (11 miles [17.7 km] to the south)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Ashby have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ashby
        • Ashby is located in Adams County
      • Emden
        (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Emden have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Emden
        • Emden is located in Adams County
      • Tokio ‑ Historic
        (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Tokio have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tokio
        • Tokio is located in Adams County
      • Paxton
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Paxton have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paxton
        • Paxton is located in Adams County
      • Teske
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Teske have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Teske
        • Teske is located in Adams County
      • Carlmar
        (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Carlmar have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Carlmar
        • Carlmar is located in Adams County
      • Marcellus
        (20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Marcellus have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marcellus
        • Marcellus is located in Adams County
      • Marengo
        (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Marengo have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marengo
        • Marengo is located in Adams County
      • Continue List   (10 more) ...
        • Ritzville
          (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
        • Hillcrest
          (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hillcrest have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hillcrest
          • Hillcrest is located in Adams County
        • Packard ‑ Historic
          (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Packard have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Packard
          • Packard is located in Adams County
        • Thavis
          (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Thavis have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thavis
          • Thavis is located in Adams County
        • Benge ‑ Historic
          (27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Benge have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Benge
          • Benge is located in Adams County
        • Ralston ‑ Historic
          (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Ralston have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ralston
          • Ralston is located in Adams County
        • Mack
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mack have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mack
          • Mack is located in Adams County
        • Schoonover
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Schoonover have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Schoonover
          • Schoonover is located in Adams County
        • Bemis
          (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bemis have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bemis
          • Bemis is located in Adams County
        • Paha ‑ Historic
          (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Paha have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Paha
          • Paha is located in Adams County
  • Spokane County
    • County Website:   www.spokanecounty.org/
    • County Seat for Spokane:   Spokane
    • Genealogy Websites   ...
    • Nearest Communities to Sprague   ...
      • These communities are listed by their distance from Sprague.
      • Rodna
        (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Rodna have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rodna
        • Rodna is located in Spokane County
      • Mason
        (9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mason have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mason
        • Mason is located in Spokane County
      • Amber
        (12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Amber have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Amber
        • Amber is located in Spokane County
      • Tyler
        (13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Tyler have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tyler
        • Tyler is located in Spokane County
      • Mock
        (16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Mock have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mock
        • Mock is located in Spokane County
      • Geib
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Geib have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Geib
        • Geib is located in Spokane County
      • Babb
        (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Babb have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Babb
        • Babb is located in Spokane County
      • Lakeland Village
        (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lakeland Village have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lakeland Village
        • Lakeland Village is located in Spokane County
      • South Cheney
        (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for South Cheney have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Cheney
        • South Cheney is located in Spokane County
      • Cheney
        (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
      • East Cheney
        (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Cheney have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Cheney
        • East Cheney is located in Spokane County
      • Espanola
        (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Espanola have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Espanola
        • Espanola is located in Spokane County
      • Continue List   (17 more) ...
        • Medical Lake
          (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
        • Silver Lake
          (23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Silver Lake
          • Silver Lake is located in Spokane County
        • Four Lakes
          (25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
        • Hite
          (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hite have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hite
          • Hite is located in Spokane County
        • Deep Creek
          (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Deep Creek
          • Deep Creek is located in Spokane County
        • Plaza
          (27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Plaza have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Plaza
          • Plaza is located in Spokane County
        • Fairchild
          (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Fairchild have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fairchild
          • Fairchild is located in Spokane County
        • Freedom
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Freedom have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Freedom
          • Freedom is located in Spokane County
        • North Pine
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for North Pine have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Pine
          • North Pine is located in Spokane County
        • Dynamite
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Dynamite have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dynamite
          • Dynamite is located in Spokane County
        • Hayford
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hayford have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hayford
          • Hayford is located in Spokane County
        • Marshall
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marshall
          • Marshall is located in Spokane County
        • Scribner
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Scribner have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Scribner
          • Scribner is located in Spokane County
        • Spangle
          (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
        • Airway Heights
          (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
        • Geiger Heights
          (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Geiger Heights have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Geiger Heights
          • Geiger Heights is located in Spokane County
        • Hazelwood
          (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Hazelwood have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hazelwood
          • Hazelwood is located in Spokane County
  • Whitman County
    • County Website:   www.whitmancounty.org/
    • County Seat for Whitman:   Colfax
    • Genealogy Websites   ...
    • Nearest Communities to Sprague   ...
      • These communities are listed by their distance from Sprague.
      • Lamont
        (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
      • Revere
        (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Revere have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Revere
        • Revere is located in Whitman County
      • Lavista
        (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lavista have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lavista
        • Lavista is located in Whitman County
      • Ewan
        (17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Ewan have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ewan
        • Ewan is located in Whitman County
      • Kenova
        (20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Kenova have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kenova
        • Kenova is located in Whitman County
      • Pine City ‑ Historic
        (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Pine City have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pine City
        • Pine City is located in Whitman County
      • Juno
        (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Juno have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Juno
        • Juno is located in Whitman County
      • Lancaster
        (23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Lancaster have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lancaster
        • Lancaster is located in Whitman County
      • Saint John
        (23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
      • Malden
        (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
      • Huntley
        (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Huntley have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Huntley
        • Huntley is located in Whitman County
      • Winona
        (25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
        • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Winona have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
        • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Winona
        • Winona is located in Whitman County
      • Continue List   (7 more) ...
        • Sunset
          (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sunset have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sunset
          • Sunset is located in Whitman County
        • Balder
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Balder have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Balder
          • Balder is located in Whitman County
        • Rosalia
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
        • Sutton
          (28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sutton have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sutton
          • Sutton is located in Whitman County
        • Donahue
          (29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Donahue have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Donahue
          • Donahue is located in Whitman County
        • Endicott
          (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
        • Thornton
          (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
          • Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Thornton have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
          • Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thornton
          • Thornton is located in Whitman County

Footnotes ...

<1>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line drawn from Point A (ie- Sprague) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Sprague. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 47.3001, Longitude: -117.9784    
<2>Our data comes from many sources and some sources are more dependable than others. When we add communities to our Gazetteer, we try to verify that we have the correct location for the community. We mark a community as 'Unverified' when we aren't confident about our data and want to do further checking.

We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now.

Since our Gazetteer contains over 100,000 communities, verifying everything is going to take time. If you find an error or can help us to improve our accuracy, please let us know.
<3>The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required.
<4>While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.









 

Copyright 2024
All Rights Reserved

Thank you for visiting our website.

In closing, please keep in mind that we can not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of the information on this website, so use with care. We encourage you to double-check the information that is critical to you.

If you've found an error or have additional information that you would like to share, please don't hesitate to write: Click here to contact us.

This page was last modified/updated: 07 Apr 2024