Nearby Cemeteries

Introduction

Below are cemeteries that are within 30 miles [48.3 km]<1> of the Hopetown Cemetery. The cemeteries are listed in alphabetical order.

Since our focus is on geography, we don't have any burial or interment information. Nor do we have any contact information for the Hopetown Cemetery. For information of that nature, we recommend you visit Find-A-Grave's<2> entry for the Hopetown Cemetery (FG ID #2320454).

We are always looking for corrections and additions to our Gazetteer. If you can help, we are looking for information such as the name of the cemetery, its GPS coordinates, whether the cemetery is still in use or if it is historic (ie- defunct, abandoned, etc.). If it applies, we would also like to learn of any past or alternate names that the cemetery may have been known by.

We've listed the following cemeteries based on their distance from Hopetown Cemetery, with the nearest first.

St. Andrew's Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Andrew's Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2325643 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Andrew's Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Andrew's Cemetery
St. Declan's RC Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Declan's RC Cemetery
- The St. Declan's RC Cemetery has also been known as:
- French Line Cemetery
- Green Mtn. Cemetery
- St. Declan's RC Church Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2353569 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Declan's RC Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Declan's RC Cemetery
Sacred Heart RC Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Sacred Heart RC Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2289156 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Sacred Heart RC Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Sacred Heart RC Cemetery
Robertson / Kellough Cemetery
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Robertson / Kellough Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Robertson / Kellough Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Robertson / Kellough Cemetery
Clayton United Church Cemetery
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Clayton United Church Cemetery
- To give a relative sense of its location, the Clayton United Church Cemetery is located outside and to the southwest of Clayton.
- The Clayton United Church Cemetery has also been known as:
- Clayton Cemetery
- Guthrie United Church Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2265997 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Clayton United Church Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Clayton United Church Cemetery
Bellamy Mills Cemetery
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Bellamy Mills Cemetery
- To give a relative sense of its location, the Bellamy Mills Cemetery is located outside and to the southeast of Clayton.
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Bellamy Mills Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Bellamy Mills Cemetery
Sinclair Pioneer Cemetery
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Sinclair Pioneer Cemetery
- The Sinclair Pioneer Cemetery has also been known as:
- Sinclair Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2465240 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Sinclair Pioneer Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Sinclair Pioneer Cemetery
Elmwood Cemetery
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Elmwood Cemetery
- To give a relative sense of its location, the Elmwood Cemetery is located outside and to the northwest of Perth.
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2167891 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Elmwood Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Elmwood Cemetery
Auld Kirk Cemetery
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Auld Kirk Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2220142 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Auld Kirk Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Auld Kirk Cemetery
Brooke Methodist Cemetery
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Brooke Methodist Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Brooke Methodist Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Brooke Methodist Cemetery
St. Stephen's Cemetery
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Stephen's Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2194009 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Stephen's Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Stephen's Cemetery
St. James Cemetery
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. James Cemetery
- The St. James Cemetery has also been known as:
- St. James Anglican Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2333954 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. James Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. James Cemetery
Methodist Cemetery
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Methodist Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Methodist Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Methodist Cemetery
Wesleyan Methodist Cemetery
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Wesleyan Methodist Cemetery
- The Wesleyan Methodist Cemetery has also been known as:
- Wesleyan Methodist Burial Ground
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2509918 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Wesleyan Methodist Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Wesleyan Methodist Cemetery
Zion Memorial Cemetery
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Zion Memorial Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Zion Memorial Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Zion Memorial Cemetery
Pioneer Cemetery
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Pioneer Cemetery
- The Pioneer Cemetery has also been known as:
- Craig Street Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2351547 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Pioneer Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Pioneer Cemetery
St. John's Parish Cemetery
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. John's Parish Cemetery
- The St. John's Parish Cemetery has also been known as:
- St. John the Roman Baptist RC Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2320289 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. John's Parish Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. John's Parish Cemetery
Indian Hill Cemetery
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Indian Hill Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2377170 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Indian Hill Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Indian Hill Cemetery
Scotch Line Cemetery
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Scotch Line Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2304617 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Scotch Line Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Scotch Line Cemetery
Zealand United Church Cemetery
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Zealand United Church Cemetery
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for the Zealand United Church Cemetery. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<3>
- The Zealand United Church Cemetery has also been known as:
- Conboy's Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2362888 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Zealand United Church Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Zealand United Church Cemetery
Pakenham Union Cemetery
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Pakenham Union Cemetery
- The Pakenham Union Cemetery has also been known as:
- Dalkeith Street Cemetery
- Union Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2315063 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Pakenham Union Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Pakenham Union Cemetery
St. Mark's Anglican Cemetery
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Mark's Anglican Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2400695 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Mark's Anglican Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Mark's Anglican Cemetery
White Lake Cemetery
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the White Lake Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the White Lake Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the White Lake Cemetery
St. Bridget's Cemetery
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Bridget's Cemetery
- The St. Bridget's Cemetery has also been known as:
- St. Bridget's RC Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2353546 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Bridget's Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Bridget's Cemetery
Christ Church Anglican Cemetery
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Christ Church Anglican Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Christ Church Anglican Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Christ Church Anglican Cemetery
Hillcrest Cemetery
(23 miles [37 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hillcrest Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2158698 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Hillcrest Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Hillcrest Cemetery
Galetta Hunt Cemetery
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Galetta Hunt Cemetery
- The Galetta Hunt Cemetery has also been known as:
- Hunt Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Galetta Hunt Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Galetta Hunt Cemetery
Lowry Cemetery
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Lowry Cemetery
- The Lowry Cemetery has also been known as:
- Lowry Presbyterian Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2531727 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Lowry Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Lowry Cemetery
Holy Trinity Anglican Cemetery
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Holy Trinity Anglican Cemetery
- The Holy Trinity Anglican Cemetery has also been known as:
- Trinity Anglican Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Holy Trinity Anglican Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Holy Trinity Anglican Cemetery
Maple Vale Cemetery
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Maple Vale Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2276327 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Maple Vale Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Maple Vale Cemetery
Munster Union Cemetery
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Munster Union Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Munster Union Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Munster Union Cemetery
Diamond Cemetery
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Diamond Cemetery
- The Diamond Cemetery has also been known as:
- Diamond Methodist / United Church Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2502007 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Diamond Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Diamond Cemetery
Albert Street Cemetery
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Albert Street Cemetery
- The Albert Street Cemetery has also been known as:
- Arnprior Protestant Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Albert Street Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Albert Street Cemetery
Malloch Road Cemetery
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Malloch Road Cemetery
- The Malloch Road Cemetery has also been known as:
- Arnprior RC Cemetery
- St. John Chrysostom Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2362975 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Malloch Road Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Malloch Road Cemetery
Carp Presbyterian Cemetery
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Carp Presbyterian Cemetery
- The Carp Presbyterian Cemetery has also been known as:
- Huntley / Carp Presbyterian Cemetery
- Huntley Presbyterian Cemetery
- Huntley United Cemetery
- St. Andrew's Presbyterian Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2517175 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Carp Presbyterian Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Carp Presbyterian Cemetery
Oconto Cemetery
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Oconto Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2193991 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Oconto Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Oconto Cemetery
Westport United Church Cemetery
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Westport United Church Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Westport United Church Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Westport United Church Cemetery
Highland Park Cemetery
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Highland Park Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Highland Park Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Highland Park Cemetery
Thompson Hill Cemetery
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Thompson Hill Cemetery
- To give a relative sense of its location, the Thompson Hill Cemetery is a large cemetery that is located outside and to the southeast of Renfrew.
- The Thompson Hill Cemetery has also been known as:
- Renfrew Public Cemetery
- Thompsonville Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2157531 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Thompson Hill Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Thompson Hill Cemetery
Knox Presbyterian Cemetery
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Knox Presbyterian Cemetery
- The Knox Presbyterian Cemetery has also been known as:
- Knox Presbyterian Church Cemetery
- Westport Presbyterian Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2333479 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Knox Presbyterian Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Knox Presbyterian Cemetery
Polk Family Cemetery
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Polk Family Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2311891 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Polk Family Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Polk Family Cemetery
Stittsville United Church Cemetery
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Stittsville United Church Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2517054 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Stittsville United Church Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Stittsville United Church Cemetery
St. Edward's Cemetery
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Edward's Cemetery
- The St. Edward's Cemetery has also been known as:
- St. Edward RC Cemetery
- St. Edward's RC Cemetery
- St. Edward's Westport RC Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2332662 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Edward's Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Edward's Cemetery
Emmanuel Anglican Cemetery
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Emmanuel Anglican Cemetery
- The Emmanuel Anglican Cemetery has also been known as:
- Emmanuel Church Cemetery
- New Emmanuel Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2316677 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Emmanuel Anglican Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Emmanuel Anglican Cemetery
Portland United Church Cemetery
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Portland United Church Cemetery
- To give a relative sense of its location, the Portland United Church Cemetery is located outside and to the southwest of Portland.
- The Portland United Church Cemetery has also been known as:
- United Church Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2276322 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Portland United Church Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Portland United Church Cemetery
St. Peters Anglican Cemetery
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Peters Anglican Cemetery
- To give a relative sense of its location, the St. Peters Anglican Cemetery is located outside and to the northeast of Portland.
- The St. Peters Anglican Cemetery has also been known as:
- Newboyne Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2276393 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Peters Anglican Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Peters Anglican Cemetery
Epworth United Cemetery
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Epworth United Cemetery
- The Epworth United Cemetery has also been known as:
- Epworth Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Epworth United Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Epworth United Cemetery
St. Francis Xavier Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Francis Xavier Cemetery
- The St. Francis Xavier Cemetery has also been known as:
- St. Francis Xavier RC Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2279309 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Francis Xavier Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Francis Xavier Cemetery
Mountain Grove Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mountain Grove Cemetery
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for the Mountain Grove Cemetery. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<3>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Mountain Grove Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Mountain Grove Cemetery
Mountain Grove (Olden) Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Mountain Grove (Olden) Cemetery
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for the Mountain Grove (Olden) Cemetery. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<3>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Mountain Grove (Olden) Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Mountain Grove (Olden) Cemetery
Olden Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Olden Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Olden Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Olden Cemetery
Olden Pioneer Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Olden Pioneer Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Olden Pioneer Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Olden Pioneer Cemetery
St. John's Anglican Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. John's Anglican Cemetery
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. John's Anglican Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. John's Anglican Cemetery
Royal Sappers & Miners Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Royal Sappers & Miners Cemetery
- The Royal Sappers & Miners Cemetery has also been known as:
- Old Presbyterian Cemetery
- Sappers and Miners Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2307559 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Royal Sappers & Miners Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Royal Sappers & Miners Cemetery
St. Mary's Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Mary's Cemetery
- The St. Mary's Cemetery has also been known as:
- St. Mary's Anglican Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2322005 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Mary's Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Mary's Cemetery
Hutchings Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hutchings Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2354177 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Hutchings Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Hutchings Cemetery
St. Andrew Presbyterian Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the St. Andrew Presbyterian Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2625016 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the St. Andrew Presbyterian Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the St. Andrew Presbyterian Cemetery
Maple Grove Cemetery
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Maple Grove Cemetery
- The Maple Grove Cemetery has also been known as:
- Clarke's Cemetery
- Hazeldean Cemetery
- Jump to Find-A-Grave: FG ID #2319550 <2>
- Google driving directions:
- From your current location to the Maple Grove Cemetery
- From the Hopetown Cemetery to the Maple Grove Cemetery

Off-the-Road Links ...

The official website for Province of Ontario: https://www.ontario.ca/

Footnotes ...

<1>	Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- ) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point at the Hopetown Cemetery. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 45.0829, Longitude: -76.4449
<2>	The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com.
<3>	An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace.