Local Newspapers

Introduction ...

Below are the newspapers that have been published in the vicinity of Brier Hill.

Our newspaper information for Brier Hill is based on data taken from the Chronicling America website. For more information, please see our description of the Chronicling America website.

We don't know of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Brier Hill. That said, we do have a list of papers that were published in the broader area surrounding Brier Hill. Our list contains 69 papers that were published within 12 miles [19.3 km]<1> of Brier Hill.

To keep this list from growing too long, not all of the papers have been listed. We have another list where all the papers have been listed in alphabetical order. The complete list can be found on the Extended Newspaper Page for Brier Hill.

Note: The Extended Newspaper Page is quite large and may take extra time to load.

Newspapers Neighboring Brier Hill ...

The following newspapers were published within 12 miles [19.3 km] of Brier Hill.

The papers have been grouped by the community in which they were published, with the communities listed in order of their distance from Brier Hill.

Published In Youngstown ...
- We know of 85 newspapers that have been published in the vicinity of Youngstown. The list of those papers is too long to repeat here, but can be found on the Local Newspaper Page for Youngstown
- We have an extended list that contains all the papers within 12 miles [19.3 km]<1> of Brier Hill. This extended list includes all the papers from Youngstown. The list is sorted by the paper's name. This merged list can be found on the Extended Newspaper Page for Brier Hill.
  
  Note: The Extended Newspaper Page is quite large and may take extra time to load
Published In Girard [Trumbull County] ...
- Girard Grit (from 1890)
  - Years of publication: 1890 to 1895
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Girard Grit
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068674
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22905611
- Girard Weekly Journal (from 1904)
  - Years of publication: 1904 to 1911
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Girard Weekly Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028400
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10986205
- The Girard News (from 1927)
  - Years of publication: 1927 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Girard News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078600
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18047018
Published In Austintown ...
- Austintown Leader (from 1968)
  - Years of publication: 1968 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Austintown Leader
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078352
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17694948
Published In Campbell ...
- The Campbell Journal (from 1936)
  - Years of publication: 1936 to 1967
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Campbell Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078377
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17694834
- The Campbell News (from 1950)
  - Years of publication: 1950 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Campbell News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078357
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17694917
Published In Hubbard [Trumbull County] ...
- Hubbard Eagle (from 1966)
  - Years of publication: 1966 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Hubbard Eagle
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078593
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18047069
- News-Reporter (from 1963)
  - Years of publication: 1963 to 1967
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the News-Reporter
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078604
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18046979
- The Hubbard Enterprise (from 1880)
  - Years of publication: 1880 to 1925
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hubbard Enterprise
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028401
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10987559
- The Hubbard News And Reporter (from 1967)
  - Years of publication: 1967 to 1974
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hubbard News And Reporter
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078603
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18046992
- The Hubbard News And Suburban Reporter (from 1962)
  - Years of publication: 1962 to 1963
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hubbard News And Suburban Reporter
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078605
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18047270
- The Hubbard News (from 1974)
  - Years of publication: 1974 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hubbard News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078602
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18047006
- The Hubbard News (from 1926)
  - Years of publication: 1926 to 1962
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Hubbard News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078606
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18046951
Published In Mineral Ridge ...
- The Mineral Ridge Echo (from 1890)
  - Years of publication: 1890 to 189?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mineral Ridge Echo
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068310
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22779036
Published In Struthers ...
- The Journal (from 1967)
  - Years of publication: 1967 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078353
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17694831
- The Struthers Journal (from 1928)
  - Years of publication: 1928 to 1967
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Struthers Journal
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028477
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11027944
Published In Boardman ...
- Boardman Leader (from 1984)
  - Years of publication: 1984 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Boardman Leader
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068618
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 23347516
- The Boardman News (from 1947)
  - Years of publication: 1947 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Boardman News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078358
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17694920
Published In Niles [Trumbull County] ...
- Niles Daily Times (from 1979)
  - Years of publication: 1979 to 1989
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Niles Daily Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068520
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22905612
- Niles Daily Times (from 1924)
  - Years of publication: 1924 to 1962
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Niles Daily Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078598
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18047038
- Niles Evening Register (from 1922)
  - Years of publication: 1922 to 19??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Niles Evening Register
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068619
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 23347626
- Niles Home Record (from 1874)
  - Years of publication: 1874 to 1875
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Niles Home Record
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN95068567
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 32575241
- Niles Independent (from 1869)
  - Years of publication: 1869 to 1874
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Niles Independent
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86079035
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13052697
- The Daily Times (from 1962)
  - Years of publication: 1962 to 1979
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Daily Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078597
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 18047047
- The Niles Daily News (from 1890)
  - Years of publication: 1890 to 1923
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Niles Daily News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028404
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10987636
- The Niles Standard (from 1932)
  - Years of publication: 1932 to 194?
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Niles Standard
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068517
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22905613
- The Niles Times (from 1989)
  - Years of publication: 1989 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Niles Times
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068673
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22905615
- Trumbull County Independent (from 1875)
  - Years of publication: 1875 to 1891
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Trumbull County Independent
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028405
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10987647
Published In Poland ...
- Poland Clarion (from 1970)
  - Years of publication: 1970 to 1985
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Poland Clarion
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078364
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17695002
- Poland Leader (from 1985)
  - Years of publication: 1985 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Poland Leader
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85007262
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12178062
- Poland Post (from 1966)
  - Years of publication: 1966 to 1970
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Poland Post
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078363
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17694929
Published In Canfield ...
- Canfield Courier And The Cornersburg Reporter (from 1967)
  - Years of publication: 1967 to 1978
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Canfield Courier And The Cornersburg Reporter
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN96087000
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 34327686
- Canfield Leader (from 1987)
  - Years of publication: 1987 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Canfield Leader
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN90068519
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 22905609
- Courier (from 1978)
  - Years of publication: 1978 to current
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Courier
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN96087001
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 34328132
- Democratic Union Sentinel (from 1852)
  - Published during 1852
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Democratic Union Sentinel
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86071053
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13084539
- Mahoning County News (from 1872)
  - Years of publication: 1872 to 1875
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Mahoning County News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN85034417
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 12824956
- Mahoning Democrat (from 1860)
  - Published during 1860
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Mahoning Democrat
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86071054
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13084713
- Mahoning Herald (from 1861)
  - Years of publication: 1861 to 1863
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Mahoning Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028470
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11027825
- Mahoning Index (from 1846)
  - Years of publication: 1846 to 1851
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Mahoning Index
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028474
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11027871
- Mahoning Weekly Herald (from 1863)
  - Published during 1863
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Mahoning Weekly Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028471
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11027837
- The Canfield Weekly Herald (from 1863)
  - Years of publication: 1863 to 1869
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Canfield Weekly Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN86071077
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 13106971
- The Mahoning County Herald (from 1869)
  - Years of publication: 1869 to 1872
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mahoning County Herald
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028472
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11027847
- The Mahoning Dispatch (from 1877)
  - Years of publication: 1877 to 1968
  - Issues available online: 679
  - Scanned issues: October 2, 1908 to September 30, 1921
  - Catalog of available issues online
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card: The Mahoning Dispatch
  - Holdings: LCCN SN84028473
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11027864
  - ISSN Number: 2151-4046
- The Mahoning Valley News (from 1875)
  - Years of publication: 1875 to 18??
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The Mahoning Valley News
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN91069195
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 24959404
- The National Union (from 1866)
  - Years of publication: 1866 to 1872
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for The National Union
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN84028476
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 11027903
- Union Star (from 185?)
  - The first year of publication was in 185?, with an unknown end date
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Union Star
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88079162
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17563836
Published In Lowellville ...
- Lowellville Citizen (from 1968)
  - Years of publication: 1968 to 1969
  - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
  - Catalog Card for the Lowellville Citizen
  - Holdings for: LCCN SN88078356
  - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 17694914
Continue List (5 more) ...
- Published In Warren [Trumbull County] ...
  - We know of 38 newspapers that have been published in the vicinity of Warren. The list of those papers is too long to repeat here, but can be found on the Local Newspaper Page for Warren
  - We have an extended list that contains all the papers within 12 miles [19.3 km]<1> of Brier Hill. This extended list includes all the papers from Warren. The list is sorted by the paper's name. This merged list can be found on the Extended Newspaper Page for Brier Hill.
    
    Note: The Extended Newspaper Page is quite large and may take extra time to load
- Published In Farrell [Mercer County] ...
  - Farrell Sentinel (from 1913)
    - Years of publication: 1913 to 1930
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Farrell Sentinel
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077639
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19211136
  - The Farrell News (from 1912)
    - Years of publication: 1912 to 1924
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Farrell News
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077034
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19028476
  - The Farrell Press (from 1939)
    - Years of publication: 1939 to 1973
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Farrell Press
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077035
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19028488
- Published In Grove City [Mercer County] ...
  - Allied News Grove City Reporter-Herald (from 1967)
    - Years of publication: 1967 to 1968
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Allied News Grove City Reporter-Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077598
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226893
  - Allied News (from 1968)
    - Years of publication: 1968 to 1972
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Allied News
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077597
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226868
  - Allied News (from 1968)
    - Years of publication: 1968 to 1972
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Allied News
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077604
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226796
  - Allied News (from 1968)
    - Years of publication: 1968 to 1972
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Allied News
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077608
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19227027
  - Grove City Reporter-Herald (from 1926)
    - Years of publication: 1926 to 1967
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Grove City Reporter-Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077599
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 2261672
  - Grove City Reporter (from 1896)
    - Years of publication: 1896 to 1926
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Grove City Reporter
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077602
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226988
  - Grove City Telephone (from 1882)
    - Years of publication: 1882 to 1896
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Grove City Telephone
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077603
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226992
  - Mercer County Herald (from 1906)
    - Years of publication: 1906 to 1921
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Mercer County Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077601
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226925
  - The Grove City Herald (from 1903)
    - Years of publication: 1903 to 1906
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Grove City Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077058
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226950
  - The Grove City Herald (from 1921)
    - Years of publication: 1921 to 1926
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Grove City Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077600
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19226913
  - The Outlook (from 1913)
    - Years of publication: 1913 to 1918
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Outlook
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077796
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19526700
- Published In Sharon [Mercer County] ...
  - Evening Eagle (from 1876)
    - Years of publication: 1876 to 1890
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Evening Eagle
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN87078454
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15390129
  - Mercer Eagle (from 1875)
    - Years of publication: 1875 to 1885
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Mercer Eagle
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN86053938
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14872022
  - News-Telegraph (from 1924)
    - Years of publication: 1924 to 1935
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the News-Telegraph
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077062
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19225577
  - Sharon Times (from 1868)
    - Years of publication: 1868 to 1880
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Sharon Times
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN84026379
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10443272
  - Sharon Weekly Herald (from 1864)
    - Years of publication: 1864 to 18??
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Sharon Weekly Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077621
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19217251
  - Sharon Weekly Telegraph (from 188?)
    - Years of publication: 188? to 1896
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Sharon Weekly Telegraph
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077063
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19225626
  - Sharon Weekly Telegraph (from 19??)
    - Years of publication: 19?? to 1916
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the Sharon Weekly Telegraph
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077067
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19225616
  - The Herald (from 1970)
    - Years of publication: 1970 to current
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN82004638
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 2261871
  - The Sharon Daily Telegraph (from 1893)
    - Years of publication: 1893 to 190?
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Daily Telegraph
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077064
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19225546
  - The Sharon Eagle (from 1885)
    - Years of publication: 1885 to 1913
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Eagle
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN87078455
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 15390124
  - The Sharon Herald (from 18??)
    - Years of publication: 18?? to 1913
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN84026380
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 10443267
  - The Sharon Herald (from 1909)
    - Years of publication: 1909 to 1970
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Herald
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN86082023
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 14816110
  - The Sharon Record (from 1892)
    - Years of publication: 1892 to 1896
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Record
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077630
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19217092
  - The Sharon Star (from 1892)
    - Years of publication: 1892 to 1898
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Star
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077631
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19211887
  - The Sharon Telegraph (from 190?)
    - Years of publication: 190? to 1924
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Telegraph
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077061
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19225553
  - The Sharon Telegraph (from 1896)
    - Years of publication: 1896 to 19??
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for The Sharon Telegraph
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077066
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19225619
- Published In West Middlesex [Mercer County] ...
  - West Middlesex News (from 1907)
    - Years of publication: 1907 to 1909
    - Locate a copy thru the Library of Congress:
    - Catalog Card for the West Middlesex News
    - Holdings for: LCCN SN89077633
    - Locate a copy thru WorldCat: OCLC 19211822

Off-the-Road Links ...

The official website for Chronicling America

Unfortunately, we don't know of an official website for Brier Hill. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page.

The official website for Mahoning County: www.mahoningcountygov.com/

The official website for State of Ohio: https://ohio.gov/

Footnotes ...

<1>

Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Brier Hill) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Brier Hill. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 41.1217, Longitude: -80.6690 In this case, the coordinates for Brier Hill have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).