Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Howell (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Howell. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Howell is located in Orange County.
To see how the shape of New York's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Orange County: Passaic (NJ), Sussex (NJ), Dutchess, Putnam, Rockland, Sullivan, Ulster & Pike (PA).
Below are the counties that are near Howell. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Howell:
- Orange County (The home county of Howell)
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Goshen
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
- Kipps
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Kipps is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kipps
- Florida
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- Chester
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Mechanicstown
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Mechanicstown is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mechanicstown
- New Hampton
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- New Hampton is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Hampton
- Craigville
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Craigville is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Craigville
- Farmingdale
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Farmingdale is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Farmingdale
- Michigan Corners
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Michigan Corners is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Michigan Corners
- Stony Ford
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Stony Ford is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stony Ford
- Hamptonburgh
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Hamptonburgh is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hamptonburgh
- East Middletown
(5 miles [8 km] to the northwest)
- East Middletown is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Middletown
- Big Island
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Big Island is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Big Island
- Dutchess County
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Beacon
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
- Groveville
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Groveville is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Groveville
- Beacon Hills
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Beacon Hills is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beacon Hills
- Glenham
(23 miles [37 km] to the northeast)
- Fishkill
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- Hughsonville
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northeast)
- Wappingers Falls
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the northeast)
- Brinckerhoff
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Brinckerhoff is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brinckerhoff
- Crown Heights
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Crown Heights is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crown Heights
- Wiccopee
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
- Wiccopee is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wiccopee
- Myers Corner
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
- Myers Corner is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Myers Corner
- Spackenkill
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
- Spackenkill is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Spackenkill
- East Fishkill
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
- East Fishkill is located in Dutchess County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Fishkill
- Greene County
- Cornwall-on-Hudson
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the east)
- Cornwall-on-Hudson is located in Greene County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cornwall-on-Hudson
- Putnam County
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Cold Spring
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Garrison
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Glenclyffe
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Glenclyffe is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Glenclyffe
- Nelsonville
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the east)
- Nelsonville is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nelsonville
- Population from the 2020 Census: 632 people
- Continental Village
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Continental Village is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Continental Village
- Putnam Valley
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
- Adams Corners
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
- Adams Corners is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Adams Corners
- Tompkins Corners
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Tompkins Corners is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tompkins Corners
- Mahopac Mines
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
- Mahopac Mines is located in Putnam County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mahopac Mines
- Rockland County
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Sloatsburg
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southeast)
- Ramapo
(18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
- Ramapo is located in Rockland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ramapo
- Doodletown ‑ Historic
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the east)
- Doodletown is located in Rockland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Doodletown
- Hillburn
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southeast)
- Montebello
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Montebello is located in Rockland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Montebello
- Population from the 2020 Census: 4,579 people
- Mount Ivy
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Mount Ivy is located in Rockland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mount Ivy
- Pomona
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Thiells
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Wesley Hills
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
- Wesley Hills is located in Rockland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wesley Hills
- Population from the 2020 Census: 5,919 people
- Stony Point
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Suffern
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Viola
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Viola is located in Rockland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Viola
- Kaser
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
- Kaser is located in Rockland County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kaser
- Population from the 2020 Census: 5,439 people
- Sullivan County
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Bloomingburg
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- Wurtsboro
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the northwest)
- Summitville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Yankee Lake
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
- Yankee Lake is located in Sullivan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yankee Lake
- Rock Hill
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
- Glen Wild
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
- Thompsonville
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
- Monticello
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Squirrels Corners
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Squirrels Corners is located in Sullivan County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Squirrels Corners
- Woodridge
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the northwest)
- Pond Eddy
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the west)
- South Fallsburg
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
- Eldred
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
- Ulster County
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Ulsterville
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
- Ulsterville is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ulsterville
- Walker Valley
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the north)
- Wallkill
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the northeast)
- Crawford
(18 miles [29 km] to the north)
- Crawford is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crawford
- Dwaarkill
(18 miles [29 km] to the north)
- Dwaarkill is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dwaarkill
- Bruynswick
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the north)
- Bruynswick is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bruynswick
- Cragsmoor
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
- Cragsmoor is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cragsmoor
- Rutsonville
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
- Rutsonville is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rutsonville
- Spring Glen
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
- New Hurley
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
- New Hurley is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Hurley
- Plattekill
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
- Sylva
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
- Sylva is located in Ulster County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sylva
- Gardiner
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
- Westchester County
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Verplanck
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
- Buchanan
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Peekskill
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
- Montrose
(23 miles [37 km] to the east)
- Crugers
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
- Crompond
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the east)
- Woodybrook
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
- Woodybrook is located in Westchester County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodybrook
- Lake Mohegan
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the east)
- Lake Mohegan is located in Westchester County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lake Mohegan
- Croton-on-Hudson
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
- Shrub Oak
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the east)
- Jefferson Village
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Jefferson Village is located in Westchester County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jefferson Village
- Yorktown
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the east)
- Yorktown is located in Westchester County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yorktown
- Ossining
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Bergen County (NJ)
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Mahwah
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
- Mahwah is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mahwah
- Ackermans Mills
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
- Ackermans Mills is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ackermans Mills
- Campgaw
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- Campgaw is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Campgaw
- Wyckoff
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the south)
- Wyckoff is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wyckoff
- Wortendyke
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the south)
- Wortendyke is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wortendyke
- Park Ridge
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southeast)
- Park Ridge is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Park Ridge
- Ho-Ho-Kus
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
- Ho-Ho-Kus is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ho-Ho-Kus
- Ridgewood
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Ridgewood is located in Bergen County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ridgewood
- Population from the 2020 Census: 24,915 people
- Morris County (NJ)
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Newfoundland
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Newfoundland is located in Morris County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Newfoundland
- Butler
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
- Butler is located in Morris County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Butler
- Lyonsville
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the south)
- Lyonsville is located in Morris County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lyonsville
- Weldon
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
- Weldon is located in Morris County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Weldon
- Lake Telemark
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Lake Telemark is located in Morris County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lake Telemark
- Taylortown
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Taylortown is located in Morris County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Taylortown
- Woodport
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Woodport is located in Morris County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Woodport
- Passaic County (NJ)
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- West Milford
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
- West Milford is located in Passaic County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Milford
- Macopin
(23 miles [37 km] to the south)
- Macopin is located in Passaic County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Macopin
- Haskell
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the south)
- Haskell is located in Passaic County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Haskell
- Wayne
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the south)
- Wayne is located in Passaic County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wayne
- Sussex County (NJ)
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Vernon Valley
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southwest)
- Vernon Valley is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vernon Valley
- Highland Lake
(15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
- Highland Lake is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Highland Lake
- Colesville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
- Colesville is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Colesville
- Libertyville
(18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
- Libertyville is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Libertyville
- McCoys Corner
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- McCoys Corner is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McCoys Corner
- Hardistonville
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
- Hardistonville is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hardistonville
- Beaver Run
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Beaver Run is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beaver Run
- Roys
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the southwest)
- Roys is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Roys
- Pellettown
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the southwest)
- Pellettown is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pellettown
- Wykertown
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- Wykertown is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wykertown
- Armstrong
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
- Armstrong is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Armstrong
- Edison
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
- Edison is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Edison
- Augusta
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Augusta is located in Sussex County (NJ)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Augusta
- Pike County (PA)
- The following are listed by their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Matamoras
(18 miles [29 km] to the west)
- Millrift
(20 miles [32.2 km] to the west)
- Millrift is located in Pike County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Millrift
- Milford
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
- Conashaugh
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Conashaugh is located in Pike County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Conashaugh
- Parkers Glen
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the west)
- Parkers Glen is located in Pike County (PA)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Parkers Glen
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Howell, see our County-by-County Page for Howell.
Cemeteries Near Howell ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Howell.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Howell - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Howell covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Slate Hill Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
- St. James Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
- St. Johns Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the north)
- Webb Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northwest)
- Wallkill Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
- Florida Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- Denton Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
- Roe Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- Chester Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southeast)
- St. Columbus Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
- Beth Shalom Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- St. Josephs Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Continue List (240 more) ...
- Greycourt Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Norton Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Coleman Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<3>
While we didn't find Howell in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Howell.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Howell, with the one closest to Howell listed first.
- Goshen
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
- Florida
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
- East Chester
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- East Chester is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Chester
- Chester
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the southeast)
- Kipps
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
- Kipps is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kipps
- Greycourt
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the east)
- Greycourt is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greycourt
- New Hampton
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- New Hampton is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for New Hampton
- Big Island
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Big Island is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Big Island
- Sugar Loaf
(5 miles [8 km] to the southeast)
- Craigville
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Craigville is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Craigville
- Farmingdale
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Farmingdale is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Farmingdale
- Hamptonburgh
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Hamptonburgh is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hamptonburgh
- Continue List (20 more) ...
- Stony Ford
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Stony Ford is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Stony Ford
- Crystal Run
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Crystal Run is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Crystal Run
- Ridgebury
(5 miles [8 km] to the west)
- Ridgebury is located in Orange County
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ridgebury
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Howell. See our List of 1890's Communities around Howell.
Newspapers Published in Howell ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 83 newspapers that have been published in the area around Howell.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Howell, there are papers which were published within 12 miles [19.3 km]<4>. A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Howell.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first turn to the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These helpful websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Howell:
- Websites specific to New York
- Pages specific to Orange County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Dutchess County
- Greene County
- Putnam County
- Rockland County
- Sullivan County
- Ulster County
- Westchester County
- Bergen County
- Morris County
- Passaic County
- Sussex County
- Pike County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for New York
Footnotes ...
| <1> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
| <2> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
| <3> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Howell, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
| <4> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Howell) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'. |