Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
- That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
- We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
- On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Franklin (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Franklin. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the northeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most hospitals and doctors were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the north.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the north contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Franklin is located in Delaware County.
To see how the shape of New York's counties have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Delaware County: Broome, Chenango, Greene, Otsego, Schoharie, Sullivan, Ulster & Wayne (PA).
Below are the counties that are near Franklin. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Franklin:
- Delaware County (The home county of Franklin)
- The following are listed by their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- Merrickville
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Merrickville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Merrickville
- Merrickville is located in Delaware County
- North Franklin
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Franklin
- North Franklin is located in Delaware County
- Sidney Center
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Mundale
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mundale
- Mundale is located in Delaware County
- Tacoma
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Tacoma. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tacoma
- Tacoma is located in Delaware County
- Shackport
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Shackport
- Shackport is located in Delaware County
- Walton
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the south)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Walton have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Walton
- Walton is located in Delaware County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 2,776 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Walton <2>
- Masonville
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the southwest)
- Sidney
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Sidney have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sidney
- Sidney is located in Delaware County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 3,557 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Sidney <2>
- Delhi
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
- Hamden
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
- Davenport Center
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
- Barbourville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the southwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Barbourville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Barbourville
- Barbourville is located in Delaware County
- Broome County
- The following are listed by their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- Deposit
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Deposit have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Deposit
- Deposit is located in Broome County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,510 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Deposit <2>
- Nineveh
(24 miles [38.6 km] to the southwest)
- Center Village
(25 miles [40.2 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Center Village have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Center Village
- Center Village is located in Broome County
- Creekside Village
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Creekside Village have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Creekside Village
- Creekside Village is located in Broome County
- Harpursville
(26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
- East Windsor
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for East Windsor. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Windsor
- East Windsor is located in Broome County
- Belden
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Belden
- Belden is located in Broome County
- Ouaquaga
(28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
- Gulf Summit
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the southwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Gulf Summit. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gulf Summit
- Gulf Summit is located in Broome County
- North Colesville
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Colesville
- North Colesville is located in Broome County
- Windsor
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Windsor
- Windsor is located in Broome County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 853 people
- Chenango County
- The following are listed by their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- Mount Upton
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the northwest)
- East Guilford
(12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for East Guilford. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Guilford
- East Guilford is located in Chenango County
- Lathams Corners
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Lathams Corners. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lathams Corners
- Lathams Corners is located in Chenango County
- Bainbridge
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Bainbridge have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bainbridge
- Bainbridge is located in Chenango County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,292 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Bainbridge <2>
- Guilford
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
- Yaleville
(17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yaleville
- Yaleville is located in Chenango County
- Afton
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Afton have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Afton
- Afton is located in Chenango County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 796 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Afton <2>
- Union Valley
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Union Valley. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Union Valley
- Union Valley is located in Chenango County
- West Bainbridge
(19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Bainbridge
- West Bainbridge is located in Chenango County
- Haynes
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Haynes. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Haynes
- Haynes is located in Chenango County
- New Berlin
(21 miles [33.8 km] to the northwest)
- Norwich
(22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
- Nineveh Junction
(23 miles [37 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Nineveh Junction have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Nineveh Junction
- Nineveh Junction is located in Chenango County
- Otsego County
- The following are listed by their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- Otego
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
- Wells Bridge
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Youmans Corner
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Youmans Corner
- Youmans Corner is located in Otsego County
- Unadilla
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Unadilla have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Unadilla
- Unadilla is located in Otsego County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,039 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Unadilla <2>
- West End
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for West End have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West End
- West End is located in Otsego County
- West Oneonta
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Oneonta
- West Oneonta is located in Otsego County
- Oneonta
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the northeast)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Oneonta have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oneonta
- Oneonta is located in Otsego County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 13,695 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Oneonta <2>
- Copes Corner
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Copes Corner
- Copes Corner is located in Otsego County
- Gilbertsville
(11 miles [17.7 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Gilbertsville have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gilbertsville
- Gilbertsville is located in Otsego County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 368 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Gilbertsville <2>
- Laurens
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Laurens have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Laurens
- Laurens is located in Otsego County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 242 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Laurens <2>
- Colliersville
(13 miles [20.9 km] to the northeast)
- Morris
(14 miles [22.5 km] to the north)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Morris have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Morris
- Morris is located in Otsego County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 549 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Morris <2>
- Portlandville
(16 miles [25.7 km] to the northeast)
- Schoharie County
- The following are listed by their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- Jefferson
(29 miles [46.7 km] to the east)
- South Jefferson
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for South Jefferson. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Jefferson
- South Jefferson is located in Schoharie County
- Sullivan County
- The following are listed by their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- Beaverkill
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Beaverkill. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Beaverkill
- Beaverkill is located in Sullivan County
- Lew Beach
(30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lew Beach
- Lew Beach is located in Sullivan County
- Wayne County (PA)
- Sherman
(27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Sherman. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sherman
- Sherman is located in Wayne County (PA)
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Franklin, see our County-by-County Page for Franklin.
Cemeteries Near Franklin ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Franklin.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know. If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
If you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our selection of Genealogy Websites (see below).
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Franklin covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- Congregational Church Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the south)
- Ouleout Valley Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Ouleout Valley Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Ouleout Valley Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- The Knoll Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for The Knoll Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for The Knoll Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Barnes Cemetery
(Less than 2 miles to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Barnes Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Barnes Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Presbyterian Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Presbyterian Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Presbyterian Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Evergreen Cemetery
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Evergreen Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Evergreen Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Bundy Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Bundy Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Bundy Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Northup Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Northup Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Northup Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- East Sidney Cemetery
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the west)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the East Sidney Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the East Sidney Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Highland Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Highland Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Highland Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Plymouth Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the south)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Plymouth Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Plymouth Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Croton Union Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the east)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Croton Union Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Croton Union Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Continue List (364 more) ...
- Quackenbush Cemetery
(5 miles [8 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Quackenbush Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Quackenbush Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Hopkin Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Hopkin Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Hopkin Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Carr Cemetery
(6 miles [9.7 km] to the north)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for the Carr Cemetery
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for the Carr Cemetery have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<5>
The Rand McNally Atlas shows that Franklin had a population of 581 people in 1895 with a post office and railroad service. In 2020, Franklin had a population of 335 people.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Franklin, with the one closest to Franklin listed first.
- East Sidney
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Sidney have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Sidney
- East Sidney is located in Delaware County
- Otego
(3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
- Franklin Depot
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Franklin Depot have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Franklin Depot
- Franklin Depot is located in Delaware County
- Merrickville
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the south)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Merrickville. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Merrickville
- Merrickville is located in Delaware County
- Wells Bridge
(4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
- Sidney Center
(5 miles [8 km] to the southwest)
- North Franklin
(5 miles [8 km] to the northeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Franklin
- North Franklin is located in Delaware County
- West Meredith
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for West Meredith have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for West Meredith
- West Meredith is located in Delaware County
- Unadilla
(7 miles [11.3 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Unadilla have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Unadilla
- Unadilla is located in Otsego County
- Population from the 2020 Census: 1,039 people
- Jump to TripAdvisor's Tourism page for Unadilla <2>
- Youngs
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Youngs have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Youngs
- Youngs is located in Delaware County
- East Masonville
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for East Masonville have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for East Masonville
- East Masonville is located in Delaware County
- Mundale
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the southeast)
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mundale
- Mundale is located in Delaware County
- Continue List (21 more) ...
- Unadilla Center
(8 miles [12.9 km] to the northwest)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for Unadilla Center have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Unadilla Center
- Unadilla Center is located in Otsego County
- South Unadilla
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the west)
- Note: The GPS coordinates that we are using for South Unadilla have been provided by the GNIS.<3> The coordinates still need to be verified.
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Unadilla
- South Unadilla is located in Delaware County
- Tacoma
(9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
- Note: We haven't been able to verify our GPS coordinates for Tacoma. Although the coordinates have been estimated, they should be in the vicinity.<1>
- Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tacoma
- Tacoma is located in Delaware County
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Franklin. See our List of 1890's Communities around Franklin.
Newspapers Published in the Vicinity of Franklin ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP).
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 43 newspapers that have been published in the area around Franklin.
We have organized these newspapers into two lists:
- A Local Newspaper List - focusing on the papers published in the immediate area of Franklin. There are actually two parts to this list - papers printed in the immediate area of Franklin and those printed in the larger area surrounding Franklin.
- An Extended Newspaper List - a longer list, sorted by paper name and containing those papers published within 22 miles [35.4 km]<6> of Franklin.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we first turn to the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Franklin:
- Websites specific to New York
- Pages specific to Delaware County
- Genealogy information for nearby counties
- Broome County
- Chenango County
- Otsego County
- Schoharie County
- Sullivan County
- Wayne County
- Cemetery Information and Directories for New York
Off-the-Road Links ...
The official website for Franklin: www.townoffranklin.com/
The official website for Delaware County: www.co.delaware.ny.us/
The official website for State of New York: https://www.ny.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> | An 'estimated' location is one where we have been given GPS coordinates, but are unable to verify the accuracy of those coordinates. That said, we have some confidence that we have placed the marker near the actual location. A typical reason for being unable to verify a location is that it might be on private property or maybe historic and gone without an obvious trace. |
<2> | While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program. |
<3> | The location has been supplied by the Geographic Names Information System - which is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While these values should be definitive, we found that accuracy can vary and you should double-check the location if accuracy is required. |
<4> | The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com. |
<5> | We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Franklin, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy. |
<6> | Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' distance. A straight line distance ignores obstructions like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Franklin) to Point B.Our distance measurements begin at a specific point in Franklin. The point we use is located at these GPS coordinates - Latitude: 42.3417, Longitude: -75.1660 In this case, the coordinates for Franklin have been provided by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). |