Our Genealogy Helper
Introduction ...
We have a couple of goals for our Gazetteer:
That it be a tool which helps us with planning our trips.
We're trying to shape our Gazetteer as a tool to help us understand the community in which our ancestors lived, the community that was part of their daily lives.
On our trips, we try to visit those places where our ancestors left their footprints.
By learning about Vincent (and the surrounding area) during the time that our ancestors lived, we hope to have a better understanding of both their community and its relationship to their lifes. We hope that this tool helps to give us an insight into their world.
As we add data and organize our Gazetteer to help with our family research, we will be adding to this our Genealogical Helper for Vincent. While we don't have information that is specific to any given person or family, we intend to expand our understanding about where and how people lived.
Neighboring Counties ...
When searching for family records, we have frequently made the mistake of not checking the neighboring counties.
For example, we have great-grandparents who lived in the southeast corner of their home county. During their lives, most doctors and hospitals were in the next county to the east. Almost all of the nearby churches and cemeteries were in the county to the south.
So when searching for records, we had our best success by looking in neighboring counties instead of the county in which they lived: their home county contained property and probate records; the county to the east contained birth and death records; the county to the south contained their burial records. If we hadn't included the neighboring counties, we would have missed many valuable sources of information.
If you're in a similar situation, we hope that the following information helps.
Vincent is located in Owsley County .
To see how the shape of Kentucky's counties may have changed over time, we recommend the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries .
The following counties adjoin and form the boundaries of Owsley County : Breathitt , Clay , Jackson & Lee .
Below are the counties that are near Vincent. For each of these counties, we show a sample of those communities that are closest to Vincent:
Owsley County (The home county of Vincent)
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Travellers Rest (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
Travellers Rest is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Travellers Rest Pebworth (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
Pebworth is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pebworth Booneville (5 miles [8 km] to the east)
Island City (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
Island City is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Island City Southfork (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
Southfork is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southfork Lerose (8 miles [12.9 km] to the east)
Lerose is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lerose Ricetown (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southeast)
Ricetown is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Ricetown Sebastian (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
Sebastian is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sebastian Mistletoe (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southeast)
Mistletoe is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mistletoe
Breathitt County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Jetts Creek (12 miles [19.3 km] to the east)
Jetts Creek is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Jetts Creek Copebranch (13 miles [20.9 km] to the east)
Copebranch is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Copebranch Oakdale (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
Oakdale is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oakdale Chenowee (16 miles [25.7 km] to the east)
Chenowee is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chenowee Wolverine (21 miles [33.8 km] to the east)
Wolverine is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wolverine Frozen Creek (21 miles [33.8 km] to the northeast)
Frozen Creek is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Frozen Creek Jackson (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
Whick (22 miles [35.4 km] to the east)
Whick is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Whick Vancleve (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
Vancleve is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vancleve Kragon (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
Kragon is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kragon Quicksand (23 miles [37 km] to the east)
Quicksand is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Quicksand Lost Creek (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
Lost Creek is located in Breathitt County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lost Creek
Clark County
Log Lick (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northwest)
Log Lick is located in Clark County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Log Lick
Clay County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Sextons Creek (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
Sextons Creek is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sextons Creek Teges (13 miles [20.9 km] to the southeast)
Teges is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Teges Burning Springs (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
Burning Springs is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Burning Springs Laurel Creek (15 miles [24.1 km] to the south)
Laurel Creek is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Laurel Creek Oneida (15 miles [24.1 km] to the southeast)
Oneida is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Oneida Fall Rock (17 miles [27.4 km] to the south)
Fall Rock is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fall Rock Fogertown (18 miles [29 km] to the south)
Fogertown is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fogertown Barcreek (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
Barcreek is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Barcreek Benge (18 miles [29 km] to the southwest)
Benge is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Benge Sidell (19 miles [30.6 km] to the south)
Sidell is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sidell Larue (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
Larue is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Larue Eriline (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
Eriline is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eriline
Estill County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Lynch Town (13 miles [20.9 km] to the northwest)
Lynch Town is located in Estill County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lynch Town Wagersville (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northwest)
Wagersville is located in Estill County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wagersville Miller's Creek (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northwest)
Miller's Creek is located in Estill County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Miller's Creek Ravenna (17 miles [27.4 km] to the northwest)
Locust Branch (18 miles [29 km] to the northwest)
Locust Branch is located in Estill County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Locust Branch Irvine (19 miles [30.6 km] to the northwest)
Furnace (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
Furnace is located in Estill County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Furnace Witt Springs (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
Witt Springs is located in Estill County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Witt Springs Winston (23 miles [37 km] to the northwest)
Winston is located in Estill County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Winston
Jackson County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Gray Hawk (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
Gray Hawk is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gray Hawk Tyner (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
Tyner is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tyner Foxtown (12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
Foxtown is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Foxtown McKee (12 miles [19.3 km] to the west)
Annville (14 miles [22.5 km] to the southwest)
Waneta (14 miles [22.5 km] to the west)
Waneta is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Waneta Dabolt (16 miles [25.7 km] to the southwest)
Dabolt is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dabolt Sandgap (17 miles [27.4 km] to the west)
Sandgap is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sandgap Peoples (19 miles [30.6 km] to the southwest)
Peoples is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Peoples Kerby Knob (19 miles [30.6 km] to the west)
Kerby Knob is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kerby Knob
Laurel County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Greenmount (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southwest)
Greenmount is located in Laurel County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Greenmount Marydell (25 miles [40.2 km] to the south)
Marydell is located in Laurel County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Marydell Bush (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
Bush is located in Laurel County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bush Lake (26 miles [41.8 km] to the south)
Lake is located in Laurel County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lake East Bernstadt (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
Maplesville (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
Maplesville is located in Laurel County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maplesville Pittsburg (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southwest)
Pittsburg is located in Laurel County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pittsburg London (28 miles [45.1 km] to the southwest)
Sublimity City (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southwest)
Sublimity City is located in Laurel County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sublimity City
Lee County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Idamay (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
Idamay is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Idamay Heidelberg (5 miles [8 km] to the north)
Heidelberg is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Heidelberg Beattyville (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
Lone (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
Lone is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lone Saint Helens (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
Tallega (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
Tallega is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tallega Athol (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
Athol is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Athol Primrose (12 miles [19.3 km] to the northeast)
Primrose is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Primrose Fincastle (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
Fincastle is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Fincastle Vada (14 miles [22.5 km] to the northeast)
Vada is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vada Zoe (15 miles [24.1 km] to the north)
Zoe is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Zoe Williba (15 miles [24.1 km] to the northeast)
Williba is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Williba
Leslie County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Sizerock (22 miles [35.4 km] to the southeast)
Sizerock is located in Leslie County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sizerock Bear Branch (24 miles [38.6 km] to the southeast)
Bear Branch is located in Leslie County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bear Branch Confluence (25 miles [40.2 km] to the southeast)
Confluence is located in Leslie County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Confluence Thousandsticks (27 miles [43.5 km] to the southeast)
Thousandsticks is located in Leslie County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Thousandsticks Hyden (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
Madison County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Panola (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northwest)
Panola is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Panola Duluth (22 miles [35.4 km] to the west)
Duluth is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Duluth Brassfield (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
Brassfield is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Brassfield Dreyfus (24 miles [38.6 km] to the northwest)
Dreyfus is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dreyfus Bighill (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
Bighill is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bighill Bybee (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
Bybee is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bybee Speedwell (26 miles [41.8 km] to the northwest)
Speedwell is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Speedwell Bobtown (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
Bobtown is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bobtown Waco (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northwest)
Elliston (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
Elliston is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Elliston Kingston (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northwest)
Kingston is located in Madison County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Kingston Berea (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
Perry County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Buckhorn (18 miles [29 km] to the southeast)
Saul (20 miles [32.2 km] to the southeast)
Saul is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Saul Gays Creek (21 miles [33.8 km] to the southeast)
Gays Creek is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gays Creek Chavies (24 miles [38.6 km] to the east)
Chavies is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Chavies Krypton (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southeast)
Krypton is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Krypton Busy (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
Busy is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Busy Yerkes (29 miles [46.7 km] to the southeast)
Yerkes is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Yerkes Dice (30 miles [48.3 km] to the east)
Dice is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Dice Butterfly (30 miles [48.3 km] to the southeast)
Butterfly is located in Perry County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Butterfly
Powell County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Barker Branch (18 miles [29 km] to the north)
Barker Branch is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Barker Branch South Fork (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
South Fork is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for South Fork Knowlton (22 miles [35.4 km] to the north)
Knowlton is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Knowlton Cat Creek (23 miles [37 km] to the north)
Cat Creek is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Cat Creek Slade (23 miles [37 km] to the north)
Hatton Creek (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
Hatton Creek is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hatton Creek Pecks Creek (24 miles [38.6 km] to the north)
Pecks Creek is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Pecks Creek Rosslyn (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
Rosslyn is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Rosslyn Vaughns Mill (25 miles [40.2 km] to the north)
Vaughns Mill is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Vaughns Mill North Bend (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
North Bend is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for North Bend Stanton (26 miles [41.8 km] to the north)
Old Clay City Road (27 miles [43.5 km] to the north)
Old Clay City Road is located in Powell County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Old Clay City Road
Rockcastle County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Climax (24 miles [38.6 km] to the west)
Climax is located in Rockcastle County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Climax Livingston (26 miles [41.8 km] to the southwest)
Disputanta (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
Disputanta is located in Rockcastle County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Disputanta Mullins (26 miles [41.8 km] to the west)
Mullins is located in Rockcastle County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mullins Orlando (27 miles [43.5 km] to the west)
Orlando is located in Rockcastle County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Orlando Wildie (29 miles [46.7 km] to the west)
Wildie is located in Rockcastle County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Wildie Conway (30 miles [48.3 km] to the west)
Conway is located in Rockcastle County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Conway
Wolfe County
The following are listed by their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Mary (18 miles [29 km] to the northeast)
Mary is located in Wolfe County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Mary Rogers (20 miles [32.2 km] to the north)
Bethany (20 miles [32.2 km] to the northeast)
Bethany is located in Wolfe County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Bethany Campton (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
Pine Ridge (22 miles [35.4 km] to the northeast)
Lexie (27 miles [43.5 km] to the northeast)
Lexie is located in Wolfe County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lexie Valeria (28 miles [45.1 km] to the northeast)
Valeria is located in Wolfe County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Valeria Hazel Green (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
Hazel Green is located in Wolfe County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Hazel Green Toliver (29 miles [46.7 km] to the northeast)
Toliver is located in Wolfe County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Toliver Lee City (30 miles [48.3 km] to the northeast)
Lee City is located in Wolfe County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Lee City
For an expanded list of the communities that are closest to Vincent, see our County-by-County Page for Vincent .
Cemeteries Near Vincent ...
Below are cemeteries that are in the vicinity of Vincent.
This is a new section and is likely to have errors. If you find an error, such as a missing cemetery or we have the wrong name, please let us know . If you know of them, we would also appreciate learning about previous or alternate names.
Although we don't have the information ourselves, if you need information about a burial or interment, photos, transcripts, how to contact the cemetery or local authorities, please visit our list of websites on our Genealogy Helper Page for Vincent - one of the links might be able to help.
If not found below, our Cemetery List for Vincent covers a larger area, with the cemeteries listed in alphabetical order.
The following cemeteries are listed based on their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Mose Price Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the south)
Botner Cemetery (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
John Tyler Brewer Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the south)
Burns Family Cemetery (2 miles [3.2 km] to the northeast)
Irvine Spence Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
John Hartsock Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the southwest)
Hamilton Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the north)
Valentine Brewer Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
William Dougie Burch Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
McIntire Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
Jump to our Gazetteer entry for McIntire Cemetery The McIntire Cemetery has also been known as:
Manious, McIntire & Dooley Cemetery
McIntosh Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the east)
Pendergrass Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northeast)
Continue List (574 more) ...
Stonecoal Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
Gray Cemetery (3 miles [4.8 km] to the northwest)
Plowman Cemetery (4 miles [6.4 km] to the northwest)
Nearby Communities in 1895 ...
We've built the following list with information that came from an Atlas published by Rand McNally in 1895. The Atlas had details such as the population of the community (which appears to have come from the 1890 Census) and whether there was a post office and/or railroad service available. We also indicate if the community no longer exists and is now historic.<4>
While we didn't find Vincent in the Atlas, the following 1895 communities would have been found near the current location of Vincent.
These communities are listed based on their distance from Vincent, with the one closest to Vincent listed first.
Travellers Rest (Less than 2 miles to the southwest)
Travellers Rest is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Travellers Rest Sturgeon (3 miles [4.8 km] to the south)
Sturgeon is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sturgeon Island City (7 miles [11.3 km] to the south)
Island City is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Island City Conkling (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
Conkling is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Conkling Southfork (7 miles [11.3 km] to the southeast)
Southfork is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Southfork Eversole (7 miles [11.3 km] to the east)
Eversole is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Eversole Proctor (7 miles [11.3 km] to the northeast)
Proctor is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Proctor Beattyville (8 miles [12.9 km] to the northeast)
Maulden (9 miles [14.5 km] to the southwest)
Maulden is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Maulden Gray Hawk (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southwest)
Gray Hawk is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Gray Hawk Sextons Creek (10 miles [16.1 km] to the south)
Sextons Creek is located in Clay County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sextons Creek Sebastian (10 miles [16.1 km] to the southeast)
Sebastian is located in Owsley County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Sebastian Continue List (13 more) ...
Saint Helens (10 miles [16.1 km] to the northeast)
Tyner (11 miles [17.7 km] to the southwest)
Tyner is located in Jackson County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tyner Tallega (11 miles [17.7 km] to the northeast)
Tallega is located in Lee County Jump to our Gazetteer entry for Tallega
We've also created an expanded list of communities that existed in the 1890's and were located in the area around Vincent. See our List of 1890's Communities around Vincent .
Newspapers Published in Vincent ...
An ongoing effort between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has resulted in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP) .
To share their results, the partnership has created the Chronicling America website. The goal of this partnership is to assemble a database about the current and historic newspapers of the United States. This includes a growing collection of scanned images from selected papers. All of it available to the public on their website.
Using information that we've taken from the Chronicling America website, we've identified 9 newspapers that have been published in the area around Vincent.
Although we're unaware of any newspapers that were published in the immediate area of Vincent, there are papers which were published within 12 miles [19.3 km]<3> . A list of those papers, sorted by paper name, can be found on the Extended Newspaper List for Vincent.
Websites to Help With Your Genealogy Research ...
When we do our genealogical research, we begin with the websites from Cyndi's List, FamilySearch and Genealogy Trails. These websites either offer the information directly or else point to where you can find it. Their information is open to everyone.
To help you get started, the following links will take you to the pages that are relevant to Vincent:
Websites specific to Kentucky
Pages specific to Owsley County
Genealogy information for nearby counties
Breathitt County
Clark County
Clay County
Estill County
Jackson County
Laurel County
Lee County
Leslie County
Madison County
Perry County
Powell County
Rockcastle County
Wolfe County
Cemetery Information and Directories for Kentucky
Off-the-Road Links ...
Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for Vincent. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page .
The official website for State of Kentucky: https://www.kentucky.gov/
Footnotes ...
<1> While we're fans and frequent users of TripAdvisor, you should know that we're also members of the TripAdvisor affiliate program.
<2>The Find-a-Grave website is an excellent research tool with information about a cemetery's location and interments. They also offer a forum for their members which can provide additional help. More information about Find-a-Grave can be found on their website: findagrave.com .
<3>Our distances are not driving distances, but are calculated as a 'straight-line' (or point-to-point) distance. A straight line distance ignores things like rivers, canyons, lakes, et cetera - it's truly a line from Point A (ie- Vincent) to Point B. In other words: 'As the crow flies'.
<4>We use the term 'Historic' broadly and it generally means that the community no longer exists. However, it can also mean that the community might still exist, but was significantly larger or had a more 'official' existence in the past than it does now. Unfortunately our sources of data have proven to be unreliable. If you can provide us with more specific information about Vincent, please let us know so that we can improve our accuracy.